Iodine concentration in Norwegian milk has declined in the last decade

Haug, Anna; Taugbøl, O.; Prestløkken, Egil; Govasmark, Espen; Salbu, Brit; Schei, I.; Harstad, Odd Magne; Wendel, Cato Christian

doi:10.1080/09064702.2012.754932

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In our data, season had a significant effect on MIC, with the lowest MIC found in September and the highest in March. This agrees with previous studies reporting higher MIC in the winter months (November to April) compared with the summer months (May to October) (42,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55) . Walther et al (33) reported highest and lowest MIC for organic (99 v. 42 µg/l; difference of 57 µg/l) and conventional (145 v. 75 µg/l; difference of 70 µg/l) UHT retail milk in January and August to October, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The main determinants of iodine in cows’ milk in Switzerland are farm type, season and teat dipping

et al. 2018

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Milk and dairy products are important iodine sources and contribute about 30-40 % of total iodine in the Swiss diet. Information about variation in milk iodine concentration (MIC) in Switzerland is limited. We examined MIC and its potential determinants in milk from organic and conventional farms. We collected bulk milk samples at 3-month intervals over 1 year from thirty-two farms throughout Switzerland and Aosta valley, North-West Italy. We sampled all feed components including tap water, collected information on farm characteristics, feeding and teat disinfection practices by questionnaire and estimated the cows' winter and summer iodine intake. Iodine in milk and feed components was measured using inductively coupled plasma MS. The overall median MIC was 87 (range 5-371) µg/l. In multivariate analysis, predictors of MIC were as follows: (1) farm type: median MIC from organic and conventional farms was 55 and 93 µg/l (P=0·022); (2) season: 53, 97 and 101 µg/l in September, December and March (P<0·002); and (3) teat dipping: 97 µg/l with v. 56 µg/l without (P=0·028). In conclusion, MIC varied widely between farms because of diverse farming practices that result in large differences in dairy cow exposure to iodine via ingestion or skin application. Standardisation of MIC is potentially achievable by controlling these iodine exposures. In order for milk to be a stable iodine source all year round, dietary iodine could be added at a set level to one feed component whose intake is regular and controllable, such as the mineral supplement, and by limiting the use of iodine-containing teat disinfectants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The main determinants of iodine in cows’ milk in Switzerland are farm type, season and teat dipping

et al. 2018

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“…2). Similar trends were observed with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pasture, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and willow shrub from Northern Ireland and Norway (Haug et al, 2012;Sivertsen et al, 2014;Bowley et al, 2017).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Pasture Iodine Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 66%

Environmental Parameters Affecting the Concentration of Iodine in New Zealand Pasture

et al. 2019

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Iodine (I) is an essential trace element commonly deficient in agricultural systems. Whereas there is much information on I in food crops, there is a lacuna of knowledge on the environmental factors that affect pasture I concentrations. We aimed to identify the most important environmental factors affecting the concentration of I in New Zealand pastures, and the consequences to agricultural systems. Soil and pastoral samples were collected throughout the country and analyzed for I and other elements. The soils contained 1.1 to 86 mg I kg−1, with 0.005 to 1.4 mg kg−1 in the pasture. In 26% of pastures, I concentrations were insufficient for sheep nutrition, whereas 87% contained insufficient I for cattle nutrition. Pasture I concentrations were negatively correlated with the distance from the sea, and the concentration of oxalate‐extractable amorphous Al, Fe, and Si oxides, which immobilize soil I. Soil organic C and clay increased I retention in soil but did not significantly affect pasture I concentrations. Future work should investigate how soil properties affect pasture I uptake in inland areas. Core Ideas 87% of New Zealand pastures contained insufficient iodine for cattle. Pasture I levels are higher close to the sea. Pasture I levels are lower in soil that is high in Fe and Al (oxyhydr)oxides.

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“…Another limitation is that the study was conducted during the winter months. It is possible that seasonal variations could have influenced our results, but as studies have found that the iodine concentration in cow's milk is lower in summer than during winter time (39,40), sampling throughout the whole year might have resulted in even worse iodine status than in the present study. It should be noted that although a stronger association was found between intake of dairy and iodine status in the present study than with fish intake, this does not necessarily mean that dairy is a better source of iodine than fish in the population studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes

Adalsteinsdottir¹,

Tryggvadóttir²,

Hrolfsdottir³

et al. 2020

Food & Nutrition Research

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Background: Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably. Objective: To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency. Methods: Subjects were women (n = 983; 73% of the eligible sample) attending their first ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 in the period October 2017-March 2018. Spot urine samples were collected for assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine. The ratio of iodine to creatinine (I/Cr) was calculated. Median UIC was compared with the optimal range of 150-249 µg/L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which provided information on main dietary sources of iodine in the population studied (dairy and fish). Results: The median UIC (95% confidence interval (CI)) and I/Cr of the study population was 89 µg/L (42, 141) and 100 (94, 108) µg/g, respectively. UIC increased with higher frequency of dairy intake, ranging from median UIC of 55 (35, 79) µg/L for women consuming dairy products <1 time per week to 124 (98, 151) µg/L in the group consuming dairy >2 times per day (P for trend <0.001). A small group of women reporting complete avoidance of fish (n = 18) had UIC of 50 (21, 123) µg/L and significantly lower I/Cr compared with those who did not report avoidance of fish (58 (34, 134) µg/g vs. 100 (94, 108) µg/g, P = 0.041). Women taking supplements containing iodine (n = 34, 3.5%) had significantly higher UIC compared with those who did not take supplements (141 (77, 263) µg/L vs. 87 (82, 94), P = 0.037). Conclusion: For the first time, insufficient iodine status is being observed in an Icelandic population. There is an urgent need for a public health action aiming at improving iodine status of women of childbearing age in Iceland.

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Iodine concentration in Norwegian milk has declined in the last decade

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

The main determinants of iodine in cows’ milk in Switzerland are farm type, season and teat dipping

The main determinants of iodine in cows’ milk in Switzerland are farm type, season and teat dipping

Environmental Parameters Affecting the Concentration of Iodine in New Zealand Pasture

Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes

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