Iodine content in milk from German cows and in human milk: new monitoring study

Koehler, Melanie; Fechner, Anita; Leiterer, Matthias; Spörl, Kathrin; Remer, Thomas; Schäfer, U.; Jahreis, Gerhard

doi:10.5414/tex01221

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Since that time, many alternative sources of iodine other than iodised salt have been studied. Our study confirmed the role of milk as an iodine source, as in other studies (Lamand and Tressol, 1992;Phillips, 1997;Dahl et al, 2003;Pearce et al, 2004;Kohler et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A higher level of iodine in skimmed milk was found in a study conducted in Spain (Soriguer et al, 2011), but a study from United Kingdom (Payling et al, 2015) and another study from Germany (Kohler et al, 2012) did not find significant differences in iodine concentration between milk types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, organic milk has been shown to contain less iodine (Rasmussen et al, 2000;Dahl et al, 2003;Bath et al, 2012;Kohler et al, 2012;Payling et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk as an Essential Source of Iodine in Latvian Population

Neimane

Konrāde

Avotiņa

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Milk as an Essential Source of Iodine in Latvian Population

Neimane

Konrāde

Avotiņa

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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“…I excretion in milk, proportional to dietary I supplements (European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2005a; Flachowsky, 2007;Franke et al, 2009a) is a good way to provide I to deficient human populations. Recent studies in Denmark (Rasmussen et al, 2000), Norway (Dahl et al, 2003), United Kingdom (Bath et al, 2012), Germany (Johner et al, 2012;Köhler et al, 2012) and Spain (Rey-Crespo et al, 2013) indicate that organic milk has significantly lower I concentrations compared with the conventional milk (up to 60%). However as far we are aware, no experiments have been conducted on algae supplementation in dairy cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63%). I excretion in milk has been extensively studied (Rasmussen et al, 2000;Dahl et al, 2003; EFSA, 2005a;Bath et al, 2012;Johner et al, 2012;Köhler et al, 2012) because of its importance on the human diet in areas of I deficiency, particularly in populations far from the sea where fish consumption (the main source of I) is low and milk products represent the main source of I. I excretion in milk is proportional to dietary I (Flachowsky, 2007;Franke et al, 2009a) and it can be predicted using the models proposed some decades ago by Alderman and Stranks (1967) Mean I concentration in organic dairy milk in our experiment (136 µg/l) is very similar to that found in other studies in Denmark (167 µg/l;Rasmussen et al, 2000), Norway (127 µg/l;Dahl et al, 2003) and United Kingdom (144 µg/l;Bath et al, 2012). In these studies, mean I concentration in conventional milk was up to 60% higher (268, 232 and 249 µg/l, respectively) than that found in organic milk and very similar to the milk I concentration of our algae-supplemented cows (290 µg/l).…”

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confidence: 99%

The use of seaweed from the Galician coast as a mineral supplement in organic dairy cattle

Rey-Crespo

López‐Alonso

Miranda

2014

Animal

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This study was designed to assess the value of seaweeds from the Galician coast as a source of minerals (especially iodine (I) but also other micro-minerals) in organic dairy cattle. It was conducted in an organic dairy farm in the Lugo province that typically represents the organic milk production in NW Spain. The animal's diet consisted mainly of local forage (at pasture or as hay and silage in the winter) and 5 kg of purchased concentrate/day per animal (representing 23.5% of feed intake). Based on the mineral composition of the diet, the physiological requirements and the EU maximum authorised levels in feed, a supplement composed by Sea Lettuce (Ulva rigida) (as flakes, 80%), Japanese Wireweed (Sargasum muticum) (flakes, 17.5%) and Furbelows (Saccorhiza polyschides) (powder, 2.5%) was formulated to give 100 g/animal per day. Sixteen Holstein Friesian lactating cows were randomly selected and assigned to the control (n = 8) and algae-supplemented groups (n = 8). Both groups had exactly the same feeding and management with the exception of the algae supplement, which was mixed with the concentrate feed and given to the animals at their morning milking for 10 weeks. Heparinised blood (for plasma analysis) and milk samples were collected at 2-week intervals and analysed for toxic and trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The algae supplement significantly improved the animals' mineral status, particularly I and selenium that were low on the farm. However, the effect of the algae supplement on the molybdenum status in cattle needs further investigation because of its great relevance on copper metabolism in ruminants. The I supply deserves special attention, since this element is at a very high concentration in brown-algae species and it is excreted in the milk proportionally to its concentration in plasma concentrations (mean ± s.e. in the algae-supplemented and control groups were 268 ± 54 and 180 ± 42 µg/l, respectively).Keywords: dairy cattle, iodine, minerals, organic production, seaweed ImplicationsOur study demonstrates the potential of seaweeds as a source of microminerals in dairy cattle. The algae supplement is well accepted by the animals and significantly improves mineral status (particularly iodine and selenium) of the animals. IntroductionEuropean Union regulations stipulate that at least 60% of feed on organic farms must be fresh or conserved forage; limiting the routine use of vitamin and mineral preparations (Commission Regulation (EC), 2008), Limiting the use of concentrates and relying on soil minerals (which can be low in some areas) can lead to some mineral deficiencies (Blanco-Penedo et al., 2009). Within organic livestock, dairy cattle are possibly the animal species in which nutrition plays the major role because of their great nutritional requirements during early lactation, and to meet them the organic regulations allow a higher proportion of concentrate feed (50%) compared with other live...

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