Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Function

Olivieri, Antonella; Angelis, Simona De; Moleti, Mariacarla; Vermiglio, Francesco

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80267-7_1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In this region, the team of operators that performed thyroid US in this survey was also involved in a previous regional survey conducted in 2007 on schoolchildren aged 11 to 13 years, which showed iodine sufficiency in that region. The comparison of data showed a similar frequency of thyroid hypoechoic pattern in both surveys (3.3%, previous survey; 2.7%, present survey) ( 12 , 64 , 65 ) suggesting no increase in thyroid autoimmunity after more than 10 years of iodine sufficiency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019)

De Angelis,

Medda,

Rotondi

et al. 2023

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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Context In 2005, a nationwide program of iodine prophylaxis on voluntary basis was implemented in Italy by law. However, recent data on iodine status are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency, effectiveness, and possible adverse effects (increased occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity and hyperthyroidism) of the Italian iodine prophylaxis program. Methods In the period 2015-2019 a nationwide survey was performed. The use of iodized salt was evaluated in a sample of 164,593 adults and in 998 school canteens. A sample of 4,233 schoolchildren (11-13 years) was recruited to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC), prevalence of goiter and thyroid hypoechogenicity on ultrasound. The latter as an indirect indicator of thyroid autoimmunity. Neonatal TSH values of 197,677 infants screened in regions representative of Northern, Central, and Southern Italy were analyzed to investigate the percentage of TSH values >5.0 mIU/L. Data on methimazole prescriptions were analyzed as indirect indicator of new cases of hyperthyroidism. Results The prevalence of the use of iodized salt was 71.5% in adult population and 78% in school canteens. A median UIC of 124 μg/L, a prevalence of goiter of 2.2%, and a prevalence of thyroid hypoechogenicity of 5.7% were observed in schoolchildren. The percentage of neonatal TSH values >5.0 mIU/L resulted still higher (5.1%) than the WHO threshold of 3.0%; whereas the prescriptions of methimazole showed a reduction of 13.5%. Conclusions Fifteen years of iodine prophylaxis have led to iodine sufficiency in Italy, although there still is concern about iodine nutritional status during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019)

De Angelis,

Medda,

Rotondi

et al. 2023

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Amp; Metabolism

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends daily iodine intake of 120 µg for age group of 7 -12 and 150 µg for adults above 12 years old (2). Iodine levels below these guidelines may lead to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), whose physiological consequence is impaired thyroid hormone synthesis and endemic goiter (3). The most important indicator to monitor IDD is the median urinary iodine (MUI) concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Iodine Status Among Iranian School-aged Children 20 Years After the First National Survey in Iran

et al. 2022

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: In 1994, the mandatory iodized salt consumption became a law in Iran, and since then, almost all people have routinely and effectively received iodine. This study aimed to compare the iodine sufficiency among Iranian students in 1996 and 2017. We used Iran’s health ministry national data on urinary iodine among 8- to 10-year-old students. A total 13,389 and 2,917 urine samples were examined for monitoring in 2017 and 1996, respectively. The median urinary iodine (MUI) excretion of samples was 18.26 µg/dL in 2017 and 20.5 µg/dL in 1996. Based on the urinary iodine index (< 10 μg/dL), 14.53% and 19.61% of students had iodine deficiency (ID) in 1996 and 2017, respectively, which mild, moderate, and severe insufficiency was 8.83%, 2.3%, and 3.43% in 1996 and 14.86%, 3.72% and 1.01% in 2017. So, the main achievement of this national program was the reduction in severe ID rate during these years (3.43% vs. 1.01%).

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Iodine Essentiality for Human Health

Prasad¹

2023

Medical Geology

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Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Function

Cited by 4 publications

References 84 publications

Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019)

Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019)

Assessment of the Iodine Status Among Iranian School-aged Children 20 Years After the First National Survey in Iran

Iodine Essentiality for Human Health

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