Iodine Deficiency in 2007: Global Progress since 2003

Benoist, Bruno de; McLean, Erin; Andersson, Maria; Rogers, Lisa M.

doi:10.1177/156482650802900305

Cited by 361 publications

(249 citation statements)

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“…The major types of malnutrition affecting women throughout Africa include chronic and acute undernutrition with an increasing trend of overweight and obesity in wealthier Sub-Saharan Africa (14)(15)(16) . Deficiencies of micronutrients such as Fe, vitamin A and iodine are common (17)(18)(19) . Maternal iodine deficiency has been associated with reproductive failure, poor fetal growth and mental development, and child mortality (20) .…”

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Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Gewa

Leslie

Pawloski

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Mali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1?00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak. With few exceptions, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. In addition, in recent years a new type of malnutrition stemming from weight gain and obesity has been observed throughout Africa. The present study aimed to (i) describe geographic and health variations of women of reproductive age, (ii) describe geographic variations of household salt iodine levels and (iii) investigate potential factors associated with women's anthropometric status and use of adequately iodized salt among households in Mali. Design: Demographic and Health Survey data, multistage-stratified cluster sampling methodology. Setting: Rural and urban areas of Mali. Subjects: Non-pregnant women (n 6015) between the ages of 19 and 44 years. Results: Nineteen per cent of the women were overweight or obese while 11 % were underweight. Seventy-eight per cent of the households utilized adequately iodized salt. Underweight women were more prevalent in southern Mali, while obesity was more frequent in the north-east and within the major urban areas. Households located within the southern parts of Mali were more likely to utilize adequately iodized salt. Education, age, modern contraceptive use, breast-feeding status at time of the survey and household wealth index were significantly associated with the women's BMI or households' use of adequately iodized salt. Conclusions: The combined use of statistical and geographic system analysis contributes to improve targeting of interventions among vulnerable populations. Keywords Non-pregnant women BMI Iodized salt utilization MaliMali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1?00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak; life expectancy from birth is 49?8 years and maternal mortality is 580 per 100 000 people. Several studies including the most recent national analysis from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) examining the nutritional situation of children throughout Mali have shown significant numbers of stunted and wasted children (1) . Further, the WHO reports that approximately 30 % of children under 5 years of age are underweight, 40 % are stunted and about 4 % are overweight (2) . Recent research has shown evidence of poor nutrition among adolescent girls in Mali, suggesting that poor nutritional status is not a risk limited to childhood but extends into adolescence (3,4) . Most of the studies concerning the nutritional situation in Mali have focused primarily on infants and children and have ignored adolescents and adults. With the exception of studies related to infant feeding, reproductive health and violence against women, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. Other field studies in Mali are generally dated and focus on children and infant feeding (5,6)

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Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Gewa

Leslie

Pawloski

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Iodine deficiency remains a public health problem in 47 countries worldwide (de Benoist et al, 2008). Adequate dietary iodine intake is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate iodine nutrition in Sweden: a cross-sectional national study of urinary iodine concentration in school-age children

et al. 2008

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“…19 This number of countries further increased to 34 countries in 2007. 20 It is thus clear that the improved salt iodisation programmes were accompanied by overcorrection of iodine levels in at least 34 countries, exposing susceptible groups to the possible risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH). Despite the tolerance of the thyroid gland for iodine intakes of 1000 µg of iodine per day or even more, 3, 23 a small number of people older than 40 years of age, living in iodine-deficient areas, with existing nodular goitre and who had been exposed to a sudden increase in iodine intake, are susceptible to developing IIH in the next five to ten years.…”

Section: Progress In the Elimination Of Iddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While national and provincial median urinary iodine values indicate iodine sufficiency, the available data point to gaps in both the process as well as the impact sides of the iodine nutritional field. About a third of the world population, 20 and just more than a third of the South African population 42 still need to be reached with adequately iodised salt, and the last portion is usually the most difficult to reach. Therefore, to achieve the international goal of eliminating iodine deficiency, the following challenges need to be addressed in South Africa while maintaining the successes of the past:…”

Section: Challenges For the Salt Iodisation Programme In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Amongst the countries experiencing iodine deficiency were industrialised countries such as France 21 as well as countries, such as Australia, which were experiencing a re-emerging of iodine deficiency due to inadequate salt iodisation programmes. 22 The prevalence of low iodine intake correlated with the household coverage of iodised salt.…”

Section: Progress In the Elimination Of Iddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress towards eliminating iodine deficiency in South Africa

Jooste¹,

Zimmermann

2008

South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Iodine Deficiency in 2007: Global Progress since 2003

Abstract: Background. Iodine deficiency is a global public health problem, and estimates of the extent of the problem were last produced in 2003.Objectives.

Cited by 361 publications

References 2 publications

Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Adequate iodine nutrition in Sweden: a cross-sectional national study of urinary iodine concentration in school-age children

Progress towards eliminating iodine deficiency in South Africa

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