Iodine k-edge dual energy imaging reveals the influence of particle size distribution on solute transport in drying porous media

Shokri-Kuehni, Salomé M. S.; Bergstad, Mina; Sahimi, Muhammad; Webb, Colin; Shokri, Nima

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29115-0

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Note that data density for medium‐textured soils was greater than coarse‐ and fine‐textured soils. Figure shows that the average salinity for coarse‐textured soil is greater than medium‐ and fine‐textured soils which is in line with our results obtained from the laboratory‐scale experimental and numerical analyses and the ones reported in Shokri‐Kuehni et al () using pore‐scale data. This analysis suggests that the pore‐scale physics and phenomena govern the trend observed at much larger scales (Dashtian et al, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Additionally, the physics and processes observed at the laboratory scale were used to describe the behavior observed at the fieldscale regarding the relationship between topsoil salinity and the WTD. Our field‐scale investigation showed higher topsoil salinity in the case of coarse‐ compared to medium‐ and fine‐textured soil when the WTD was 1 m and 2 m below the surface, which was in agreement with the trend observed in our laboratory‐scale analyses as well as the pore‐scale mechanisms reported in Shokri‐Kuehni et al ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This may result in higher salt concentration per wet patch and earlier solute precipitation at surface. Shokri‐Kuehni et al () observed similar phenomena at the pore scale using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography. They used fine‐ and coarse‐textured sand in their study and found higher solute concentration at the surface of coarse‐ compared to the fine‐textured sand (under nearly similar evaporative condition).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In our investigation, deeper water tables result in the presence of less liquid clusters at the surface, which increases the spacing between the evaporating clusters. This results in more evaporation per liquid cluster at the surface (Assouline & Or, ; Shahraeeni et al, ; Shokri‐Kuehni et al, ). Using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography data, Shokri‐Kuehni et al () showed that such a phenomenon results in a higher salt concentration close to the surface of coarse‐textured compared to the fine‐textured sand under similar evaporative conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore‐Scale Processes to Field‐Scale Responses

Shokri‐Kuehni

Raaijmakers

Kurz

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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The accumulation of salts in soils adversely influences plant growth and biological activity resulting in loss of yields and soil ecosystem services. Water table depth plays an important role on solute distribution through the unsaturated zone. We focus on the relationship between saline water evaporation from soil surfaces and water table depths. When the water table was hydraulically connected to the surface, we found more evaporatively driven sodium chloride precipitation at the surface with deeper water tables relative to shallow ones. We attribute this result to lower surface water contents that reach solubility limit sooner and support an expanding salt crust. Thermal imaging confirmed that when surface is hydraulically connected to the water table, capillary flows through the porous precipitated salt maintain the evaporative flux. Macroscopic continuum‐scale numerical simulations demonstrate higher solute concentration closer to the surface in the case of deeper water tables supporting the microscopic picture attributed to fewer evaporation and solute deposition sites at the surface with deeper water tables. Insights from the laboratory‐scale experiments and numerical studies were used to describe soil salinity at much larger scales. We employed two global‐scale databases for topsoil salinity, soil texture, and water table depths to link our laboratory‐scale findings with long‐term and field‐scale observations. The results illustrate the importance of pore‐scale physics and processes on constraining the field‐scale responses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore‐Scale Processes to Field‐Scale Responses

Shokri‐Kuehni

Raaijmakers

Kurz

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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“…Increasing salinity in groundwater and soil poses a threat to water and land resources (Shokri‐Kuehni, Bergstad, Sahimi, Webb, & Shokri, 2018) and is harmful to crop production (Rad, Shokri, Keshmiri, & Withers, 2015). Soil salinization could be the consequence of both naturally occurring phenomena, for example, geological composition of the parent material of soils, low rainfall and high potential evapotranspiration, and seawater intrusion, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotextile covering: Potential technique for farmland salinization control

Mao

Adeloye

et al. 2021

Land Degrad Dev

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This paper investigated fabric coverings, exploring their ability to remove salt from saline soils. Soil columns filled with saline soil were saturated with saltwater, then covered with four kinds of fabric materials (nylon, cotton, geotextile [150 g m −2 ], and gauze). The soil columns were heated under infrared lights for 25 days. The microstructural characteristics of the fabric materials before and after the experiments, as well as the crystallization conditions on the soil surface, were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that both hydrophilicity and structure of fabrics affect salt removal efficiency. Although salt quantity removed by geotextile (111.54 g m −2 ) was less than gauze (293.89 g m −2 ), geotextile showed greater potential on salt removal considering long-term evaporation. To further investigate the performance of geotextile material on salt removal, the experiment was repeated with commercially available geotextiles with areal densities of 200, 300, 400, and 500 g m −2 . The 500 g m −2 geotextile could remove 368.15 g m −2 of salt, much more than salt removed with geotextiles of density 150, 200, 300, and 400 g m −2 (111.54, 61.57, 102.05, and 102.34 g m −2 , respectively), which further proved that fabric structure had great influence on salt removal. These results demonstrated that geotextile covering with optimized fabric structure could be a promising and environmentally friendly technique for farmland salinization control.

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Potential for 50% Mechanical Strength Decline in Sandstone Reservoirs Due to Salt Precipitation and CO2–Brine Interactions During Carbon Sequestration

Nooraiepour,

Polański,

Masoudi

et al. 2024

Rock Mech Rock Eng

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Predictive modeling of CO2 storage sites requires a detailed understanding of physico-chemical processes and scale-up challenges. Dramatic injectivity decline may occur due to salt precipitation pore clogging in high-salinity aquifers during subsurface CO2 injection. This study aims to elucidate the impact of CO2-induced salt crystallization in the porous medium on the geomechanical properties of reservoir sandstones. As the impact of salt precipitation cannot be isolated from the precursor interactions with CO2 and acidified brine, we present a comprehensive review and discuss CO2 chemo-mechanical interactions with sandstones. Laboratory geochemical CO2–brine–rock interactions at elevated pressures and temperatures were conducted on two sandstone sets with contrasting petrophysical qualities. Interaction paths comprised treatment with (a) CO2-acidified brine and (b) supercritical injection until brine dry-out, salt crystallization, and growth. Afterward, the core samples were tested in a triaxial apparatus at varying stresses and temperatures. The elastic moduli of intact, CO2-acidified brine treated, and salt-affected sandstones were juxtaposed to elucidate the geochemical–geomechanical-coupled impacts and identify the extent of crystallization damages. The salt-affected sandstones showed a maximum of 50% reduction in Young’s and shear moduli and twice an increase in Poisson’s ratio compared to intact condition. The deterioration was notably higher for the tighter reservoir sandstones, with higher initial stiffness and lower porosity–permeability. We propose two pore- and grain-scale mechanisms to explain how salt crystallization contributes to stress localization and mechanical damage. The results highlight the potential integrity risk imposed by salt crystallization in (hyper)saline aquifers besides injectivity, signaling mechanical failure exacerbated by pressure buildup.

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Iodine k-edge dual energy imaging reveals the influence of particle size distribution on solute transport in drying porous media

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore‐Scale Processes to Field‐Scale Responses

Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore‐Scale Processes to Field‐Scale Responses

Geotextile covering: Potential technique for farmland salinization control

Potential for 50% Mechanical Strength Decline in Sandstone Reservoirs Due to Salt Precipitation and CO2–Brine Interactions During Carbon Sequestration

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