Iodine levels are associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant status in pregnant women with hypertensive disease

Abstract

Background: Previously has been reported the antioxidant function of iodine, and iodine deficiency as a risk factor of preeclampsia.Aim: We analyze the association between iodine deficiency, oxidative stress and antioxidant status with hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HPD).Method: 57 pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy, 20 diagnosed with hypertensive disease of pregnancy and 37 normotensive pregnant women. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), TSH, free T4 (fT4), total antioxidant status (FRP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and oxidative stress (TBARS) were evaluated by colorimetric methods.Results: UIC median for all pregnant women was of 151.9 µg / L. The UIC median for pregnant women with HPD was between 50-149 µg/L compared to 150-249 µg/L in normotensive women. No significant changes were found in levels of TSH and fT4 in normotensive pregnant compared with HPD women. Pregnant women with HPD had significant high levels of TBARS, and significant low levels of FRP, SOD, CAT and UIC compared to normotensive pregnant. In addition, pregnant women with optimal levels of UIC had a higher SOD activity (R = 0.354, P = 0.011), while iodine deficiency was associated with HPD (R = -0,281, p = 0.039). Similarly, pregnant with HPD had a significant negative association with SOD activity (R = -0,702, p = 0.005), CAT (R = -0,409, p = 0.002), and FRP (R = -0,624, p = 0.003), and a positive association with TBARS (R = 0.744, p = 0.001).Conclusion: iodine contributes to REDOX balance during pregnancy; its deficiency is associated with HPD. This study shows the importance of iodine during pregnancy.

U-shaped relationship between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity risk in adults

“…Firstly, since patients with thyroid nodular goiter often have concurrent thyroid antibodies, iodine deficiency thus may indirectly increase the TAI prevalence by increasing the prevalence of thyroid nodular goiter and causing damages to thyroid tissues (17,66,67,68,69). In addition, several studies have found that iodine can contribute to redox balance and iodine deficiency increases the degree of oxidative stress which may further promote immune response and increase autoimmune attack (70,71,72). Finally, TSH level is intensively related to iodine status, and iodine deficiency can result in increased TSH level (17,73).…”

Nutrients, Mitochondrial Function, and Perinatal Health

“…The diverse functions of iodine include bactericidal activity and apoptosis induction, and it is involved in trophoblast migration, invasion, and differentiation. As an antioxidant, iodine may act directly as an electron donor and compete for binding sites with free radicals [ 77 ]. Iodine deficiency remains a significant health problem worldwide and affects both industrialized and developing nations [ 78 ].…”

“…Mild iodine deficiency has been associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased total antioxidant capacity and SOD activity in pregnant women in Mexico [ 79 ]. It has also been reported that 70% of women with hypertensive disease in pregnancy were iodine deficient [ 77 ]. Mild iodine deficiency was an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus [ 80 ].…”

A Review of the Potential Interaction of Selenium and Iodine on Placental and Child Health

“…In a small sample of 74 women, there was decreased total antioxidant status and superoxide dismutase activity in women with mild iodine deficiency in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to pregnant women with optimal iodine levels [138]. Iodine sufficient pregnant women, as indicated by more than 150 micrograms per litre urinary iodine concentration, had higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity compared to iodine-deficient pregnant women [66]. In vitro studies support this and have shown that iodine supplementation reduces ROS production in a dose-dependent manner [139].…”

“…Importantly, several studies have shown that iodine-deficient pregnant women are at an increased risk of pregnancy complications such as maternal high blood pressure, PE, IUGR and PTB [64][65][66]138,144,145] (Table 3). Iodine assessment methods can significantly impact the iodine measurement [146].…”