Iodine Nutrition, Nodular Thyroid Disease, and Urinary Iodine Excretion in a German University Study Population

Brauer, V. F. H.; Brauer, W.; Führer, Dagmar; Paschke, Ralf

doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.364

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our patients were classified as iodine deficient, sufficient, or mixed group based on published UI excretion and endemic goiter prevalence (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). We are aware that this approach might be prone to a certain percentage of misclassification of patients (37)(38)(39). However, the alternative approach to using individual spot UI values is likely to be highly variable over time (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsα mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey

Gözü

Bircan

Krohn³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: Differences in iodine intake could account for the variable prevalences reported for somatic TSH receptor (TSHR) mutations in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs). However, this question has not been settled, since no study has yet determined the TSHR mutation prevalence in regions with different iodine supplies in the same population using the same methodology. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of somatic TSHR mutations in TTNs from patients living in iodine-deficient or -sufficient regions in Turkey. Design and methods: We screened 74 TTNs for somatic TSHR mutations. Exons 9 and 10 of the TSHR and 7 and 8 of the Gsa were screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Determination of X-chromosome inactivation was used for clonality analysis. Results: TSHR mutations were identified in 52 (70.2%) of 74 TTNs. A Gsa mutation was identified in one TTN. Three new TSHR mutations were detected (A627V, I640K, I486N). No significant difference between frequencies of TSHR mutations in iodine deficient/sufficient regions was found. The frequency of non-random X-chromosome inactivation was similar in iodine-sufficient or -deficient regions and in TSHR mutation positive or negative hot nodules. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TTNs in iodine deficient/sufficient areas predominantly arise from aberrant growth of a single cell. Our results suggest that neither the prevalence of TSHR mutations nor that of monoclonal TTNs is related to iodine supply.European Journal of Endocrinology 155 535-545

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsα mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey

Gözü

Bircan

Krohn³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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“…The WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD classification of iodine nutritional status was used to classify the urinary concentration of iodine [9]. These values (mg/L) were converted into micrograms of iodine per gram of creatinine [4]. WHO/ICCIDD recommends that the median UIC for a population should be ≥100 μg iodine/g creatinine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothyroidism was defined as the presence of an elevated TSH (TSH>4.2 mIU/L) and low fT 4 (fT 4 <10.3 pmol/L); subclinical hypothyroidism as the presence of an elevated TSH and normal fT 4 . The serum concentrations of TPOAb and TgAb >50 and >40 IU/ml, respectively, were regarded as positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine Deficiency Among Hypothyroid Patients Living in Jeddah

Alissa¹,

Alshali²,

Ferns

2009

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The objective was to determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency among hypothyroid patients and the effect of dietary goitrogens on indices of iodine and thyroid status. This is a case-control study of 106 subjects who were recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. Blood and urine were collected for serum thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin (Tg) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Dietary iodine and goitrogenic food intake were assessed by questionnaire. Using World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff values for UIC, both controls and cases were iodine deficient (85% and 83%, respectively). Furthermore, dietary iodine was deficient in 23% of controls and 36% of cases. In cases, there was a positive association between UIC levels and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (r = 0.405, p < 0.01) and a negative association with serum fT(4) (r = -0.358, p < 0.01). Serum Tg antibody titers were also positively associated with dietary iodine (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). Patients with elevated serum autoantibodies had lower UIC and dietary iodine than those with normal serum autoantibodies. UIC was associated with dietary goitrogens including turnip (r = 0.280, p < 0.05) and pine (r = 0.289, p < 0.05) among cases. Iodine deficiency is common and the consumption of dietary goitrogens is high among euthyroid and hypothyroid subjects living in Jeddah.

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“…Even though more valid dietary records would have been available in the present study, we were not able to precisely calculate the iodine intake in the individual person. The German iodine fortification program is based on a voluntary principle, whereby food producers such as canteens, restaurants, private bakeries or butchers are not obliged to extra declare the usage of iodized salt [38]. Thus, in comparison to countries that introduced obligatory iodine programs with strict directives on what types of food have to be fortified with clearly defined concentrations, the iodine content of German food might vary, and the consumers are usually not aware of the exact iodine content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High (but Not Low) Urinary Iodine Excretion Is Predicted by Iodine Excretion Levels from Five Years Ago

Ittermann¹,

Nautsch²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2011

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: It has not been investigated whether there are associations between urinary iodine (UI) excretion measurements some years apart, nor whether such an association remains after adjustment for nutritional habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between iodine-creatinine ratio (ICR) at two measuring points 5 years apart. Methods: Data from 2,659 individuals from the Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed. Analysis of covariance and Poisson regressions were used to associate baseline with follow-up ICR. Results: Baseline ICR was associated with follow-up ICR. Particularly, baseline ICR >300 µg/g was related to an ICR >300 µg/g at follow-up (relative risk, RR: 2.20; p < 0.001). The association was stronger in males (RR: 2.64; p < 0.001) than in females (RR: 1.64; p = 0.007). In contrast, baseline ICR <100 µg/g was only associated with an ICR <100 µg/g at follow-up in males when considering unadjusted ICR. Conclusions: We detected only a weak correlation with respect to low ICR. Studies assessing iodine status in a population should take into account that an individual with a low UI excretion in one measurement is not necessarily permanently iodine deficient. On the other hand, current high ICR could have been predicted by high ICR 5 years ago.

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Iodine Nutrition, Nodular Thyroid Disease, and Urinary Iodine Excretion in a German University Study Population

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsα mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey

Similar prevalence of somatic TSH receptor and Gsα mutations in toxic thyroid nodules in geographical regions with different iodine supply in Turkey

Iodine Deficiency Among Hypothyroid Patients Living in Jeddah

High (but Not Low) Urinary Iodine Excretion Is Predicted by Iodine Excretion Levels from Five Years Ago

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