Iodine Status in Filipino Women of Childbearing Age

Serafico, Michael E.; Ulanday, Joselita Rosario C.; Alibayan, Marites V.; Gironella, Glen; Perlas, Leah A.

doi:10.3803/enm.2018.33.3.372

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The iodine level varies globally in women of childbearing age. For instance, Filipino and Australian women were found to have sufficient iodine intake based on the mUIC values of 123.0 and 117 µg/L, respectively 33 , 34 . In contrast, mild iodine deficiency (ID) was observed among women of childbearing age in Sweden 35 and the United States 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

Chen,

Ye,

Lan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years after implementing the salt reduction program and compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese recommendations. Adults aged 18–59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in coastal urban area (CUA), non-coastal urban area (Non-CUA), coastal rural area (CRA), and non-coastal rural area (Non-CRA) of Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) and urinary sodium concentration (mUNaC) among adults (n = 3513) were 132.0 μg/L and 4.0 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and median daily iodine intake in CUA, Non-CUA, CRA and Non-CRA were 112.1, 127.5, 128.5, 167.5 μg/L and 189.6, 182.5, 199.4, 236.0 μg/d, respectively. The mUNaC and median daily salt intake (mDSI) in these four areas were 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9 g/L and 9.8, 10.4, 10.4, 10.6 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and DII of residents were higher in the Non-CRA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The UNaC and DSI of residents were lower in the CUA than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in CUA and Non-CUA consumed less salt compared with those in Non-CRA. Except for Non-CUA, the DII was lower (< 150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low–salt intake group (< 5 g/d) compared with the high–salt intake group (≥ 5 g/d) (P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO and Chinese recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

Chen,

Ye,

Lan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The iodine level varies globally in women of childbearing age. For instance, Filipino and Australian women were found to have su cient iodine intake based on the mUIC values of 123.0 and 117 µg/L, respectively (25,26). In contrast, mild iodine de ciency (ID) was observed among women of childbearing age in Sweden and the United States (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults compared with WHO recommendations

Qun

Lan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective: Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults after implementing the salt reduction program and compared both with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Methods：Adults aged 18–59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) among adults (n = 3513) was 132.0 μg/L. No significant differences were observed in mUIC between sexes and age groups (P > 0.05). The median daily salt intake (DSI) among Chinese adults was 10.2 g/d, and only <13.6% of the population met the recommended WHO upper DSI level of 5 g/d. The DSI of residents was higher in the noncoastal rural areas than in the other three areas (P < 0.05). The adults aged 45–59 years consumed more salt compared with those aged 18–49 years (P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in coastal and noncoastal urban areas consumed less salt compared with those in noncoastal rural areas. Except for noncoastal urban areas, the daily iodine intake was lower (<150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low–salt intake group (<5 g/d) (P < 0.05) compared with the high–salt intake group (≥5 g/d). Conclusions：Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.

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“…Among women with mild iodine deficiency, this association was minimal ( 123 , 124 ). It is vital to note that mild and moderate iodine deficiency is common among women of reproductive age around the world ( 125–127 ).…”

Section: Current Status Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects

Skoracka

Ratajczak

Rychter

et al. 2021

Advances in Nutrition

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Infertility is an increasing problem that affects couples attempting pregnancy. A growing body of evidence points to a link between diet and female fertility. In fact, data show that a diet high in trans fats, refined carbohydrates, and added sugars can negatively affect fertility. Conversely, a diet based on the Mediterranean dietary patterns, i.e., rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive impact on female fertility. An unhealthy diet can disrupt microbiota composition, and it is worth investigating whether the composition of the gut microbiota correlates with the frequency of infertility. There is a lack of evidence to exclude gluten from the diet of every woman trying to become pregnant in the absence of celiac disease. Furthermore, there are no data concerning adverse effects of alcohol on female fertility, and caffeine consumption in the recommended amounts also does not seem to affect fertility. On the other hand, phytoestrogens presumably have a positive influence on female fertility. Nevertheless, there are many unanswered questions with regard to supplementation in order to enhance fertility. It has been established that women of childbearing age should supplement folic acid. Moreover, most people experience vitamin D and iodine deficiency; thus, it is vital to control their blood concentrations and consider supplementation if necessary. Therefore, since diet and lifestyle seem to be significant factors influencing fertility, it is valid to expand knowledge in this area.

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Iodine Status in Filipino Women of Childbearing Age

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years recommended by international organizations

Adequate iodine nutrition and higher salt intake in Chinese adults compared with WHO recommendations

Female Fertility and the Nutritional Approach: The Most Essential Aspects

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