Iodine status of soils, grain crops, and irrigation waters in Pakistan

Zia, Munir; Watts, Michael J.; Gardner, Amanda; Chenery, Simon

doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3952-8

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Only a weak correlation between water-extractable (mobile) soil-I and plant-I was observed (R 2 0.018). The median water-extractable soil-I as a proportion of total soil-I was 1.3%, which was comparable to Pakistani soils (2%) 27 and significantly lower than 10 and 42% reported for Morocco and Argentina, respectively 29 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…The proportion of soil-I that is water soluble and therefore mobile and available for plant uptake varies greatly depending on soil type, e.g. 2% in soils from Pakistan 27 , 10% in soils from the UK and Morocco 28 29 and up to 42% in soils from Argentina 30 . Worldwide, the mean total I concentration in soils is 3.0 mg kg −1 and most locally grown foods from areas other than coastal regions will not contain sufficient I to meet dietary requirements 31 32 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Iodine source apportionment in the Malawian diet

Watts

Joy

Young

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to characterise nutritional-I status in Malawi. Dietary-I intakes were assessed using new datasets of crop, fish, salt and water-I concentrations, while I status was assessed for 60 women living on each of calcareous and non-calcareous soils as defined by urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodine concentration in staple foods was low, with median concentrations of 0.01 mg kg−1 in maize grain, 0.008 mg kg−1 in roots and tubers, but 0.155 mg kg−1 in leafy vegetables. Freshwater fish is a good source of dietary-I with a median concentration of 0.51 mg kg−1. Mean Malawian dietary-Iodine intake from food, excluding salt, was just 7.8 μg d−1 compared to an adult requirement of 150 μg d−1. Despite low dietary-I intake from food, median UICs were 203 μg L−1 with only 12% defined as I deficient whilst 21% exhibited excessive I intake. Iodised salt is likely to be the main source of dietary I intake in Malawi; thus, I nutrition mainly depends on the usage and concentration of I in iodised salt. Drinking water could be a significant source of I in some areas, providing up to 108 μg d−1 based on consumption of 2 L d−1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

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confidence: 99%

Iodine source apportionment in the Malawian diet

Watts

Joy

Young

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Thus, we adjusted estimates of dietary Zn supply, using data from grain samples of wheat grown in Pakistan on soils of contrasting Zn status. Collection of these grain samples was described previously (Zia et al 2015). The mean/median grain Zn concentration was 24.9/24.5 mg kg −1 (standard deviation = 4.8; range = 15.1-39.7, n = 75; Munir H. Zia and Michael J. Watts, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan

Joy

Ahmad²,

Zia

et al. 2016

Plant Soil

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“…An additional point is that other factors, climatic, ecological, phytochemical, and cultural (e.g., food preparation and storage), may decrease the bioavailability or stability of iodine and avoid the correlation between iodine distribution and its presence in the human population (Stewart et al, 2003 ; Kotwal et al, 2007 ; Longvah et al, 2012 ; Zia et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Iodine Applications In Agricultural Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Iodine to Biofortify and Promote Growth and Stress Tolerance in Crops

et al. 2016

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Iodine is not considered essential for land plants; however, in some aquatic plants, iodine plays a critical role in antioxidant metabolism. In humans, iodine is essential for the metabolism of the thyroid and for the development of cognitive abilities, and it is associated with lower risks of developing certain types of cancer. Therefore, great efforts are made to ensure the proper intake of iodine to the population, for example, the iodization of table salt. In the same way, as an alternative, the use of different iodine fertilization techniques to biofortify crops is considered an adequate iodine supply method. Hence, biofortification with iodine is an active area of research, with highly relevant results. The agricultural application of iodine to enhance growth, environmental adaptation, and stress tolerance in plants has not been well explored, although it may lead to the increased use of this element in agricultural practice and thus contribute to the biofortification of crops. This review systematically presents the results published on the application of iodine in agriculture, considering different environmental conditions and farming systems in various species and varying concentrations of the element, its chemical forms, and its application method. Some studies report beneficial effects of iodine, including better growth, and changes in the tolerance to stress and antioxidant capacity, while other studies report that the applications of iodine cause no response or even have adverse effects. We suggested different assumptions that attempt to explain these conflicting results, considering the possible interaction of iodine with other trace elements, as well as the different physicochemical and biogeochemical conditions that give rise to the distinct availability and the volatilization of the element.

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Iodine status of soils, grain crops, and irrigation waters in Pakistan

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Iodine source apportionment in the Malawian diet

Iodine source apportionment in the Malawian diet

Valuing increased zinc (Zn) fertiliser-use in Pakistan

Use of Iodine to Biofortify and Promote Growth and Stress Tolerance in Crops

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