Ion-acoustic solitons in weakly relativistic plasma containing electron–positron and ion

Ion acoustic solitary waves in a weakly relativistic plasma with q-nonextensive electrons and thermal positrons

“…Figure 1 presents the amplitude of soliton as a function of η • for p = 0.3, σ = 10, u = 0.0075 and different values of q. This figure shows that our results confirm the results of (Gill et al 2007). It is obvious that the amplitude of solitons increase with increasing of q.…”

“…The above results reduce to those already derived in (Nejoh 1987b) and (Gill et al 2007) for, respectively, relativistic e-i and e-p-i plasma with Boltzmann distributed electrons. Moreover, in the classical limit, the results obtained in (Tagare 1973) and (Washimi and Taniuti 1996) for, respectively, cold and warm e-i plasmas with Boltzmann distributed electrons are recovered.…”

“…In contrast to the usual plasmas that consisting of electrons and positive ions, it has been observed that the nonlinear waves in plasmas which containing additional components such as positrons have different characters (Rizzato 1988). The behavior of the electron-positron-ion plasmas help us to find better knowledge about the early universe which assumes to be a kind of plasma (Rees 1983;Misner et al 1973), describing the active galactic nuclei (Miller and Witta 1987), pulsar magnetospheres (Michel 1982) and also the solar atmosphere (Goldreich and Julian 1969). Positrons can be used to probe particle transport in Tokomaks and since they have sufficient lifetime.…”

Ion acoustic shock waves in weakly relativistic and dissipative plasmas with nonthermal electrons and thermal positrons

“…However, most of these investigations on linear and nonlinear phenomena are confined to nonrelativistic plasmas. But we know that when the electron or ion velocity approaches the velocity of light, relativistic effects can modify the wave behavior (Singh and Honzawa 1993;Malik et al 1994;Gill et al 2004). Relativistic plasmas occur in a variety of situations, e.g.…”

Ion-acoustic solitary waves in a fully relativistic ion-electron-positron plasma

“…Subsequently and because of quantitative discrepancies between theory and experiment, the nonlinear ion-acoustic wave theory has been developed to include the effects of a finite ion temperature (Tappert 1972;Tagare 1973) and those due to a trapped electron population (Schamel 1972(Schamel , 1973 and high order nonlinearity (Watanabe 1978). On another side, a great deal of attention has been devoted to the study of different types of collective processes in electron-positron (e-p) and electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasmas (Lakhina and Buti 1981;Verga and Ferro Fontán 1984;Shukla et al 1986;Rizzato 1988;Tajima and Taniuti 1990;Salahuddin et al 1995;Popel et al 1995;Nejoh 1996aNejoh , 1996bLakhina and Verheest 1997;Gratton et al 1997;Onishchenko et al 1998;Liang et al 1998;Gahn et al 2000;Mushtaq and Shah 2005;Gill et al 2007;Mahmood and Akhtar 2008;Dubinov and Sazonkin 2009;Lu et al 2010;Pakzad and Javidan 2010;Ghosh and Bharuthram 2010). It is well known that when positrons are introduced into an electron-ion plasma the response of the latter changes significantly.…”