Ion beam engineered hydrogen titanate nanotubes for superior energy storage application

Das, Pritam; Das, Subhasish; Ratha, Satyajit; Chakraborty, Brahmananda; Chatterjee, Shyamal

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137774

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The unmodified HT crystal structure has a 2.37 eV band gap. The current DFT calculation underestimates the reported band gap . The DOS plot shows that the conduction band predominantly adds up by the Ti d-orbital, whereas the valence band is overtaken by the O p-orbital (Figure b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Subthreshold ionization also leads to a stacking fault . In previous ion irradiation studies on hydrogen titanate, the hydroxyl groups were partly removed due to collisional effects. − Similar defects and stacking faults are known to form upon electron irradiation for various systems. − Thus, the electron beam may lead to partial removal of the hydroxyl group from TiO 6 layered HTNW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ti 2p core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra of pristine HTNW and HTNW irradiated at 1 × 10 17 electrons·cm –2 are shown in Figure a,b, along with the components after a spectral decomposition. Two main peaks at 458.7 and 464.5 eV are assigned to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 and can be attributed to the 4 + valence state. , It is known that the 4 + valence state is responsible for O–Ti–O bond formation in both HTNW and TiO 2 . After irradiation, a small peak that arises at 461.3 eV and is assigned to Ti 2p 1/2 can be attributed to the 3 + valence state. , The Ti 4+ ion near an oxygen vacancy collects one electron and transforms to Ti 3+ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main peaks at 458.7 and 464.5 eV are assigned to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 and can be attributed to the 4 + valence state. , It is known that the 4 + valence state is responsible for O–Ti–O bond formation in both HTNW and TiO 2 . After irradiation, a small peak that arises at 461.3 eV and is assigned to Ti 2p 1/2 can be attributed to the 3 + valence state. , The Ti 4+ ion near an oxygen vacancy collects one electron and transforms to Ti 3+ . The origin of the peak indicates the creation of a very low amount of oxygen vacancy after irradiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main peaks at 458.7 and 464.5 eV are assigned to Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 and can be attributed to the 4 + valence state. 28,39 It is known that the 4 + valence state is responsible for O−Ti−O bond formation in both HTNW and TiO 2 . After irradiation, a small peak that arises at 461.3 eV and is assigned to Ti 2p 1/2 can be attributed to the 3 + valence state.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Beam Modulated Wettability and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen Titanate Nanowires

2021

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The effect of electron irradiation on the chemical and physical properties of surfaces is an extremely crucial field of study in the context of space exploration, radiation chemistry, and physics. For instance, long-term ion and electron irradiations in planetary or satellite surfaces lead to a significant change in surface and environmental compositions. In this work the modification of hydrogen titanate nanowires using low energy electrons has been studied. The nanowires are initially strongly hydrophilic, which changes to hydrophobic after electron irradiation. The electrical conductivity of the nanowires increases systematically with irradiation dose. We have invoked first-principles-based calculations to explain the observed results. The calculation shows that the removal of OH groups from the layered structure due to irradiation influences the wetting property. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced defects lead to an empty Ti d-shell near the Fermi level, which contributes toward the modification of electrical conductivity. The theoretical predictions are also corroborated with Xray diffraction, X-ray electron spectroscopic, and Raman scattering spectroscopic studies, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%