Ion-Beam–Induced Amorphization of Crystalline Water Ice

Strazzulla, G.; Baratta, G. A.; Leto, G.; Fóti, G.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/18/6/008

Cited by 85 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…Further, the change in the 3 µm band is less pronounced compared to that at 10 K; this implies that the radiation-induced amorphization is incomplete at 50 K. This is consistent with the previous studies of pure water ice. 19,[21][22][23][24] Since the main topic of this paper is the radiation-induced chemistry in water-ammonia ices, we focus in the remaining section on the nature of the newly formed molecules ( Figure 3). Here, we are able to identify a novel absorption peak at 1500 cm -1 (6.67 µm), as pointed out by the arrow in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Zheng

Kaiser

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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We investigated chemical and physical processes in electron-irradiated ammonia-water ices at temperatures of 10 and 50 K. Chemically speaking, the formation of hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) was observed in electronirradiated ammonia-water ices. The synthesis of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), molecular nitrogen (N 2 ), molecular oxygen (O 2 ), hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which was also monitored in previous irradiation of pure ammonia and water ices, was also evident. These newly formed species were trapped inside of the ices and were released into the gas phase during the warm-up phase of the sample after the irradiation. A quantitative analysis of the data showed that the production rates of the newly formed species at 10 K are higher compared to those at 50 K. Our studies also suggest that hydroxylamine is likely formed by the recombination of amino (NH 2 ) with hydroxyl (OH) radicals inside of the ices. Considering the physical effects on the ice sampled during the irradiation, the experiments provided compelling evidence that the crystalline ammonia-water ice samples can be partially converted to amorphous ices during the electron irradiation; similar to the chemical processes, the irradiation-induced amorphization of the ices is faster at 10 K than that at 50 K s a finding which is similar to electron-irradiated crystalline water ices under identical conditions. However, the amorphization of water in water-ammonia ices was found to be faster than that in pure water ices at identical temperatures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Zheng

Kaiser

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…The very shallow depth of the amorphous ice that is detected is consistent with protons and heavy ions being a critical agent, since they have very short ranges in materials. Other important drivers are thermal annealing, which works to return the ice to the crystalline state in higher temperature ices and a less critical factor is that the conversion to amorphous ice by irradiation has lower efficiency as temperatures near and surpass 100 °K (e.g., Strazzulla et al, 1992 ). The temperature effect predicts that if all other factors (bombardment rate, grain size, water ice fraction, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetospheric considerations for solar system ice state

Paranicas¹,

Hibbitts²,

Kollmann³

et al. 2018

Icarus

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a b s t r a c tThe current lattice configuration of the water ice on the surfaces of the inner satellites of Jupiter and Saturn is likely shaped by many factors. But laboratory experiments have found that energetic proton irradiation can cause a transition in the structure of pure water ice from crystalline to amorphous. It is not known to what extent this process is competitive with other processes in solar system contexts. For example, surface regions that are rich in water ice may be too warm for this effect to be important, even if the energetic proton bombardment rate is very high. In this paper, we make predictions, based on particle flux levels and other considerations, about where in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn the ∼MeV proton irradiation mechanism should be most relevant. Our results support the conclusions of Hansen and McCord (2004), who related relative level of radiation on the three outer Galilean satellites to the amorphous ice content within the top 1 mm of surface. We argue here that if magnetospheric effects are considered more carefully, the correlation is even more compelling. Crystalline ice is by far the dominant ice state detected on the inner Saturnian satellites and, as we show here, the flux of bombarding energetic protons onto these bodies is much smaller than at the inner Jovian satellites. Therefore, the ice on the Saturnian satellites also corroborates the correlation.

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“…While this might be the case for glasses obtained by cooling liquid water or compressing ice, there are many different experimental techniques to obtain glassy water. For instance, amorphous ice can be also obtained by exposing crystalline ice to radiations such as electrons [31], ultraviolet photons [32], and ion bombardment [33]. The situation is more complicated when considering the effect of aging in the glassy state.…”

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Phase diagram of amorphous solid water: Low-density, high-density, and very-high-density amorphous ices

2005

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We describe the phase diagram of amorphous solid water by performing molecular dynamics simulations using the simple point charge (SPC/E) model. Our simulations follow different paths in the phase diagram: isothermal compression/decompression, isochoric cooling/heating and isobaric cooling/heating. We are able to identify low-density amorphous (LDA), highdensity amorphous (HDA), and very-high density amorphous (VHDA) ices.The density ρ of these glasses at different pressure P and temperature T agree well with experimental values. We also study the radial distribution functions of glassy water. In agreement with experiments, we find that LDA, HDA and VHDA are characterized by a tetrahedral hydrogen-bonded network and that, as compared to LDA, HDA has an extra interstitial molecule between the first and second shell. VHDA appears to have two such extra molecules. We obtain VHDA by isobaric heating of HDA, as in experiment. We also find that 1 "other forms" of glassy water can be obtained upon isobaric heating of LDA, as well as amorphous ices formed during the transformation of LDA to HDA.We argue that these other forms of amorphous ices, as well as VHDA, are not altogether new glasses but rather are the result of aging induced by heating.Samples of HDA and VHDA with different densities are recovered at normal P , showing that there is a continuum of glasses. Furthermore, the two ranges of densities of recovered HDA and recovered VHDA overlap at ambient P . Our simulations are consistent with the possibility of HDA→LDA and VHDA→LDA transformations, reproducing the experimental findings. We do not observe a VHDA→HDA transformation, and our final phase diagram of glassy water together with equilibrium liquid data suggests that for the SPC/E model the VHDA→HDA transformation cannot be observed with the present heating rates accessible in simulations. Finally, we discuss the consequences of our findings for the understanding of the transformation between the different amorphous ices and the two hypothesized phases of liquid water.

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Ion-Beam–Induced Amorphization of Crystalline Water Ice

Abstract: New experimental data demonstrate the transition from crystalline to amorphous water ice induced by keV ion irradiation at temperatures between 10 and 100 K. IR spectroscopy has been used for the < Show more

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Magnetospheric considerations for solar system ice state

Phase diagram of amorphous solid water: Low-density, high-density, and very-high-density amorphous ices

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Ion-Beam–Induced Amorphization of Crystalline Water Ice

Abstract: New experimental data demonstrate the transition from crystalline to amorphous water ice induced by keV ion irradiation at temperatures between 10 and 100 K. IR spectroscopy has been used for the < Show more

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Magnetospheric considerations for solar system ice state

Phase diagram of amorphous solid water: Low-density, high-density, and very-high-density amorphous ices

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Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices

Formation of Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) in Electron-Irradiated Ammonia−Water Ices