Ion beam-treated space polymers: long-term stability in GEO-simulated environments

Kleiman, Jacob; Iskanderova, Z.; Krishtein, L; Dennison, John; Wood, Byard D.; Grigorievsky, Anatoly; Best, C

doi:10.1007/s12567-021-00361-9

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The approach has been applied to many space-relevant polymers-including Kapton ® , poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), and Mylar ® -resulting in sheet resistance ranging from 1 to 1000 MΩ/sq depending on the chemical structure and processing conditions. [74][75][76] Furthermore, the treated surfaces resist degradation from geostationary orbit (GEO) solar exposure conditions including, AO, charging, UV exposure, and temperature fluctuations. 75,76 Based on the carbon content at the surface and low penetration of UV and AO, these results suggest that restricting the amount and availability of reactive chemical functionalities is a logical approach to increasing ECPC durability for LEO exposure.…”

Section: Static Charge Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[74][75][76] Furthermore, the treated surfaces resist degradation from geostationary orbit (GEO) solar exposure conditions including, AO, charging, UV exposure, and temperature fluctuations. 75,76 Based on the carbon content at the surface and low penetration of UV and AO, these results suggest that restricting the amount and availability of reactive chemical functionalities is a logical approach to increasing ECPC durability for LEO exposure.…”

Section: Static Charge Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One space‐proven technique to create ESD coatings on polymers entails the use of ion beams to “carbonize” the surface of a material. The approach has been applied to many space‐relevant polymers—including Kapton®, poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), and Mylar®—resulting in sheet resistance ranging from 1 to 1000 MΩ/sq depending on the chemical structure and processing conditions 74–76 . Furthermore, the treated surfaces resist degradation from geostationary orbit (GEO) solar exposure conditions including, AO, charging, UV exposure, and temperature fluctuations 75,76 .…”

Section: Ecpc Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pushing the boundaries of space exploration and settlement requires innovative materials that are multi‐functional, reusable, and tolerant of the extreme hazards in space environments. Polymers represent an interesting class of materials for these applications due to their range of properties, low density, and ease of manufacturing. Electrically conductive materials based on polymers and other organic materials can be beneficial for safety purposes or for integrating advanced functions, such as dust mitigation and non‐destructive evaluation. Given the unique demands of the space industry, emerging materials developed for space may not appear in conventional forums. Conversely, many investigators focus on polymers and composites for other applications and may not realize the suitability of their material for space. This review provides an informational bridge between experts from conventional polymer fields and more space‐focused research groups. First, a brief history of polymer material integration from Apollo to Artemis is used as a context for their increasing importance to space exploration. Next, a polymer and composite materials‐focused summary of space hazards is discussed for different space environments. Finally, different space applications suitable for electrically conductive polymers and composites are discussed in the context of enabling space exploration and developing new terrestrial technology.

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Section: Static Charge Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Static Charge Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecpc Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Ryan,

Seibers,

Reynolds

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the lunar environment, contamination, electrostatic charging, and material wear due to interaction with lunar regolith is one of the major unsolved challenges for human habitation and exploration. − Interaction with regolith can cause insulating materials to collect a static charge and electrostatic discharge (ESD) events can occur, potentially causing severe damage and safety risks in spacecraft, extra-terrestrial habitats, scientific equipment, and spacesuits. , Integration of electrical conductivity into polymer substrates through electrically conductive fillers, small molecules, or intrinsically conductive polymers can provide protection from electrostatic charging by allowing surface charges to flow to an electronic ground . Conjugated carbon nanostructuresincluding carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)are proving to be useful as the functional component in polymer nanocomposites for space applications due to their electrical conductivity, high stiffness, low atomic number (which reduces secondary radiation generation), and chemical stability in the space environment. − These nanostructures are also more durable to the intense solar radiation, ultrahigh vacuum, wide temperature ranges, and high-speed impact events from micrometeoroids than small molecule additives and intrinsically conductive polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Localized Chemically Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Flexible Conductive Surfaces for Space Applications

Ryan

Seibers

Reynolds

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Thermoplastic polymers are a compelling class of materials for emerging space exploration applications due to their wide range of mechanical properties and compatibility with a variety of processing methods, including additive manufacturing. However, despite these benefits, the use of thermoplastic polymers in a set of critical space applications is limited by their low electrical conductivity, which makes them susceptible to static charging and limits their ability to be used as active and passive components in electronic devices, including materials for static charge dissipation, resistive heaters, and electrodynamic dust shielding devices. Herein, we explore the microstructural evolution of electrically conductive, surface-localized nanocomposites (SLNCs) of chemically modified reduced graphene oxide and a set of thermoplastic polymers as a function of critical thermal properties of the substrate (melting temperature for semi-crystalline materials or glass transition temperature for amorphous materials). Selected offsets from critical substrate temperatures were used to produce SLNCs with conductivities between 0.6–3 S/cm and surface structures, which ranged from particle-rich, porous surfaces to polymer-rich, non-porous surfaces. We then demonstrate the physical durability of these electrically conductive SLNCs to expected stress conditions for flexible conductive materials in lunar applications including tension, flexion, and abrasion with lunar simulant. Small changes in resistance (R/R 0 < 2) were measured under uniaxial tension up to 20% strain in high density polyethylene and up to 500 abrasion cycles in polysulfone, demonstrating the applicability of these materials as active and passive flexible conductors in exterior lunar applications. The tough, electrically conductive SLNCs developed here could greatly expand the use of polymeric materials in space applications, including lunar exploration, micro- and nano-satellites, and other orbital structures.

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Ion beam-treated space polymers: long-term stability in GEO-simulated environments

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Electrically conducting polymers and composites for applications in space exploration

Surface-Localized Chemically Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites as Flexible Conductive Surfaces for Space Applications

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