Ion Exchange and the Swelling of Ion-exchange Resins

Water Sorption Isotherms and Cation Hydration in Dowex 50W and Amberlyst-15 Ion Exchange Resins

“…Various models proposed to explain the selectivity and related characteristics, like swelling, of ion exchangers recognize the key roles played by the ion−water, counterion−ionogenic group, and water−water interactions in the ion exchanger phase. − Moreover, it has been shown that Dowex 50W-type resins behave as single ion solutions, because the ionogenic groups are osmotically inactive and unhydrated. , With a view to provide possible experimental evidence regarding the nature of the ion-pair formation, ionic hydration, mobility of the free water, etc., the state of water present in the ion exchanger has been investigated by a variety of techniques. ,− It has been shown earlier that analyzing the water sorption isotherms of Dowex 50W resins in different ionic forms using the D'Arcy and Watt equation (DWE) gives hydration numbers that are realistic and consistent with the results obtained from other studies.…”

Metal nanoparticles immobilized on ion-exchange resins: A versatile and effective catalyst platform for sustainable chemistry

“…Swelling of microporous resins is crucial for their catalytic activity. Swelling volumes up to 800% have been found for low cross-linked resins, either in water or methanol [39,40]. Gel type resins are thus generally preferred over macroporous resins owing to better active-sites accessibility to the reactants in solution [41].…”

Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Perfluorinated Superacid Polymers: A Family of Bifunctional Catalysts for the Selective, One‐Pot Conversion of Vegetable Substrates in Water

“…The support material used in the present study was non‐commercial Aquivion® powder (PW65SM) that has 1.54 mmol g −1 proton density (ion‐exchange capacity), CF 3 end‐capping groups and 354–500 μm grain size range. Analogous to other non‐crosslinked functionalised polymers, the material displays a very low surface area in the dry state (0.3 m 2 g −1 ) consistent with a gel‐type (microporous) structure . Accordingly, the polymer interior is fully accessible only after swelling in an appropriate solvent .…”