Ion Exchange Behaviour of Cadmium and Indium on Organic Anion and Cation Exchangers: A <sup>115</sup>Cd/<sup>115m</sup>In Generator

Ahmad, Masood; Κarim, Η. Μ. Α.

doi:10.1524/ract.1993.60.4.189

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…111 Ag was also produced and separated by irradiating palladium [43]. The radiochemical separation of no-carrier added 113m In from 113 Sn and of 115m In from 115 Cd was achieved over a HAPO column [44,45]. The separation of 188 Re in methyl ethyl ketone was studied [46].…”

Section: Improvements In Radionuclide Production Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

et al. 2012

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Development of radiochemistry / Uranium and thorium chemistry / Nuclear reaction cross section / Radioisotope and radiopharmaceutical production / Neutron activation analysis / Separation studies / PINSTECHSummary. With the inception of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) in 1956, peaceful uses of atomic energy commenced for the benefit of scientific community as well as masses of Pakistan. Radiochemistry played a vital role right from the beginning. The research and development in this field accelerated soon after the criticality of the first research reactor named as Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR-1) at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad. The first radioisotope produced at PARR-1 for application in nuclear medicine was 131 I. Later on, many other radioisotopes were prepared and radiopharmaceuticals were synthesised for their use in industry and hospitals. Besides providing pure radioactive tracers for nuclear medicine, radiochemistry also enhanced the detection limit of impurities at all stages of nuclear fuel cycle for power generation. In 1983, research in the field of nuclear data measurement began. The main aim was to identify suitable conditions for the production of radionuclides for cancer diagnostics, treatment and therapy. With the establishment of a second research reactor (PARR-2) at PINSTECH, research in neutron activation analysis, radioisotope production and separation studies gained more momentum and many research articles were published. Solvent extraction, adsorption and ion-exchange were the main routes of separation in those studies. Separation of heavy metals and treatment of waste generated in a nuclear power plant are other important aspects related to environmental restoration and nuclear waste management, where radiochemistry is required. In future, work in radiochemistry will be continued on similar lines to develop novel radiopharmaceuticals, identify indigenous schemes for nuclear waste management and work out intelligent procedures for material characterization for benefit to mankind, especially the people of Pakistan.

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Section: Improvements In Radionuclide Production Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

et al. 2012

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“…In by organic ion exchangers was studied at different molarities of hydrochloric acid the sorption capacity of Cd on a cation exchanger was higher than on an anion exchanger [3]. 111 In has been amongst the frequently used radionuclides in diagnostic nuclear medicine.…”

Section: And 115mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Cyclotron Produced In-111 (III) from Cadmium (II) and Copper (II) Ions Using Ion Exchange Technique in Different Media

Ha¹,

M²

2016

Chem Sci J

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The commercial cation exchangers TSKgel BioAssist S, TSKgel CM-2SW and TSKgel CM-STAT have been used for the separation of 111 In (III) from Cd (II) and Cu (II) ions. The separation was carried out using low cost cation exchangers based on the differences in the sorption affinity of In, Cu and Cd towards the ion exchanger from 0.01 mol L -1 HCl. The effects of various parameters such as shaking time, HCl concentration and acetate buffer concentration were examined. A comparative study between cation exchangers showed the best one for radiochemical separation yielded more than 98% within 50 min by using column study.Conventional techniques were reported for separation of In-111 from Cd target using different types of cation exchangers [7], and synthetic polymeric resins [8]. A chromatographic method using inorganic ion exchanger (zirconium oxide) for radiochemical separation of non-carrier added In-115 from Cd-115 over a column of zirconium oxide was described [9]. Recently, numerous alternative techniques have been examined for the separation of indium from cadmium and copper using silica extracted agricultural wastes. Column separation technique is widely applied to separate 111 In from interfering ions based on the evaluation of distribution coefficient K d .Modern separation techniques for separation of Ga(II) using poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid disodium EDTA) were studied. The prepared inorganic ion exchangers used separation of radioactive elements such as cesium [10].In the present work we investigated the possibility of using cation exchangers for separation of radioindium from cadmium and copper, the distribution coefficients of the three elements on different types of cation exchangers were measured in 0.01 M HCl, acetate buffer at pH 4 and EDTA (10 -3 M) to find the best conditions for separation. Materials and Methods MaterialsIndium metal (99.9% purity,), anhydrous cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ), cupric chloride dehydrate (CuCl 2 .2H 2 O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), anhydrous sodium acetate (CH 3 COONa), Diethylene Tetramine Penta Acetic acid (DTPA), and Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) were reagent grade chemicals and supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Chemical Sciences JournalChem ic a l S cience s J o u rnal

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“…In nuclear reaction [9], while the 111 In radioisotope is produced in cyclotron by 112 Cd (p,2n) 111 In nuclear reaction [10]. However, the domestic application of those indium radioisotopes is not popular yet due to the lack of capability on the production technology.…”

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heating Treatment on Synthetic Ceric Oxide as Inorganic Resin for Immobilization of Cadmium-(II)

et al. 2012

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EFFECT OF HEATING TREATMENT ON SYNTHETIC CERIC OXIDE AS INORGANIC RESIN FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF CADMIUM-(II). The immobilization of cadmium-(II) following nuclear reaction of 114 Cd (n,γ) 115 Cd 115m In or 112 Cd (p,2n) 111 In is absolutely needed concerning to the quality of resulting radioisotope products and the efficiency of enriched target utilization. This presented study is based on hypothesis that heating treatment on synthetic ceric oxide resin will increase the binding capacity of Cd(II) over the resin. The aim of the presented study is to gain more experimental data supporting utilization of synthetic ceric oxide resin as separating agent in production of indium radioisotopes using enriched cadmium targets. Experiments in cold system using natural cadmium, instead of high-enriched cadmium, have been carried out, wherein a method of UV-spectrophotometry was performed for quantitative determination of Cd(II). It was found that the synthesized ceric oxide dried at 90-100°C was in form of hydrate compound formulated as CeO 2 .q H 2 O where q = (0.8868 ± 0.0026). The value of q descended to 0.1706 and to 0.0400 as influenced by heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively along with a change on the crystallinity of the ceric oxide from semi crystalline to purely crystalline. The binding capacity of Cd(II) on ceric oxide dried at 90-100°C was found to be (4.71 ± 0.08) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin and significantly increased to (11.71 ± 0.24) × 10-2 and to (14.70 ± 0.17) × 10-2 mg Cd(II)/mg resin due to heating treatment up to 400°C and 800°C respectively. It can be concluded that the synthetic ceric oxide resin enable to be exploited for immobilization of Cd(II).

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Ion Exchange Behaviour of Cadmium and Indium on Organic Anion and Cation Exchangers: A ¹¹⁵Cd/^115mIn Generator

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

Separation of Cyclotron Produced In-111 (III) from Cadmium (II) and Copper (II) Ions Using Ion Exchange Technique in Different Media

Effect of Heating Treatment on Synthetic Ceric Oxide as Inorganic Resin for Immobilization of Cadmium-(II)

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Ion Exchange Behaviour of Cadmium and Indium on Organic Anion and Cation Exchangers: A 115Cd/115mIn Generator

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

Separation of Cyclotron Produced In-111 (III) from Cadmium (II) and Copper (II) Ions Using Ion Exchange Technique in Different Media

Effect of Heating Treatment on Synthetic Ceric Oxide as Inorganic Resin for Immobilization of Cadmium-(II)

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Ion Exchange Behaviour of Cadmium and Indium on Organic Anion and Cation Exchangers: A ¹¹⁵Cd/^115mIn Generator