“…Microbial diseases drive the public to pay more attention to health and safety, creating a necessary demand for antipathogen materials. Currently, researchers have developed a variety of biocidal materials, including copper-, silver-, or zinc-containing materials, − N-halamine and biguanide, − cationic chemicals (quaternary ammonium salt, pyridine, and phosphate) or polymers, − biological molecules, and so on. − Regardless of this, these biocidal materials have shortcomings that hinder their widespread applications, such as high cost, difficult compatibility with the substrate, limited effect on a specific pathogen, or development of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it proposes an urgent demand for low-cost durable biocidal materials.…”