Ion-exchange selectivity of diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in ureolyzed human urine

Evaluation of new ion exchange resins for hardness removal from boiler feedwater

“…In addition to boiler feedwater treatment, IX is used as pretreatment for reverse osmosis to reduce inorganic fouling when treating coal seam gas wastewater [6]. Outside of oil & gas, IX is used in various water treatment applications including dissolved organic carbon removal [7], water softening [8,9], trace metal and nitrate removal [10][11][12] and wastewater treatment to meet effluent discharge [13,14].…”

“…Based on the values of ), depending on the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent, especially at low equilibrium concentrations [13].…”

Effect of resin charged functional group, porosity, and chemical matrix on the long-term pharmaceutical removal mechanism by conventional ion exchange resins

“…Many studies have highlighted the strong potential of commercial anion exchange resins (AERs) to remove pharmaceuticals from various water matrices (Michael-Kordatou et al, 2015) (e.g., MIEX ® resins for seven sulfonamide antibiotics, seven tetracyclic antibiotics (Choi et al, 2007), estrone (Neale et al, 2010), triclosan, and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (Huang et al, 2011); Lewatit MP500 resins for SMX and sulfamethazine (Fern andez et al, 2014); Purolite A520E resins for diclofenac (DCF) (Landry and Boyer, 2013); Dowex 22 resins for DCF, ketoprofen, and naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen, paracetamol (Landry et al, 2015); IRA938, IRA958, IRA458, and IRA402 resins for nalidixic acid (Robberson et al, 2006); and Oasis MAX resin for caffeine and metformin (B€ auerlein et al, 2012)). Due to the presence of various functional groups (e.g., eOH, eCOONa, eSO 3 Na, eN]Ne, and phenolic hydroxyl groups), many pharmaceutical molecules can simultaneously participate in both electrostatic interactions (i.e., Coulombic forces between the positively charged quaternary ammonium functional groups of AERs and the anionic moieties of pharmaceuticals) and various non-electrostatic interactions (B€ auerlein et al, 2012).…”

“…These possible non-electrostatic interactions include van-der-Waals forces, H-bonding, hydrophobic, and p-p-interactions operating between the resin backbone and the non-ionic moieties of pharmaceuticals. For example, the high DCF removal by AER was attributed to the combination of Coulombic interactions, van der Waals interactions between the polystyrenic resin matrix and benzene rings of DCF, and possibly Hbonding between the dimethylethanol amine functional group side chain and the carboxylate and amine functional groups of DCF (Landry et al, 2015). Non-electrostatic interactions have often been demonstrated to significantly enhance pharmaceutical removal selectivity during AER treatment (Li and SenGupta, 2004;Landry and Boyer, 2013;Landry et al, 2015).…”

Jacket-free stir bar sorptive extraction with bio-inspired polydopamine-functionalized immobilization of cross-linked polymer on stainless steel wire

“…Several materials have been developed as sorbents to extract polar compounds in complex matrices, such as organic polymers [6,7], metal oxides [8], ion exchange resins [9,10] and natural macromolecules [11]. Cross-linked organic polymers are used widely in separation science; the polymer can be synthesized conveniently by co-polymerization of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the presence of porogens.…”