Ion-Induced Pinch and the Enhancement of Ion Current by Pinched Electron Flow in Relativistic Diodes

Abstract

the net frequency shift observed in the laboratory is a combination of this red shift plus a blue shift due to the overall expansion of the upstream plasma. The increased red shift may be sufficient to yield a net red shift in the frequency of the reflected light.For simplicity we have discussed backscatter, but similar results should also obtain for sidescatter (the momentum transfer is less by a factor of W2). It should be noted that 2D effects could further reduce the time over which a large ref lectivity can occur. For example, the incident light may form narrow filaments, expelling the plasma laterally. '-' %e are grateful for recent discussions of light reflection with L. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 634 (1974).

Restrike Particle Beam Experiments on a Dense Plasma Focus. Opening Switch Research on a Dense Plasma Focus.

“…D*) is present, this assumption is consistent with the observation that with deuterium gas only one peak in the Faraday cup signal is observed [5] and nearly equal amounts of hydrogen and deuterium must be present for two peaks to be observed [5]. In the latter case, the ratio of the flight times of the two peaks is ~ 1.4 which is consistent with the species H* and D* undergoing ion diode acceleration [30] followed by multiple scattering in the gas target ahead of the beam (see Section 4). To interpret the ion Faraday cup signals, corrections are made [5] for charge state, multiple scattering by the gas and energy attenuation.…”

Field-emission based vacuum device for the generation of terahertz waves

“…21,22 MAGIC largely ignores the physical details of the plasma formation process, relying instead on a phenomenological description. Almost any surface exhibits microscopic protrusions, or "whiskers."…”

Space-charge effects of electrons and ions on the steady states of field-emission-limited diodes

“…16,17 Here e ͑z͒ and i ͑z͒ are the electron and ion velocities, respectively, at axial coordinate z, and J e and J i are the electron and ion currents, respectively. 16,17 Here e ͑z͒ and i ͑z͒ are the electron and ion velocities, respectively, at axial coordinate z, and J e and J i are the electron and ion currents, respectively.…”