Ion-interaction in high performance liquid chromatography of benzenesulfonic acids on Amberlite XAD-2

Rotsch, Terry D.; Pietrzyk, Donald J.

doi:10.1021/ac50058a040

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, for 0.0010-0.10 M NaBr or NaOH it was shown that log k' increased in a regular manner as the ionic strength of the mobile phase was increased. This trend has been observed previously when using other types of PSDVB stationary phases and charged analytes (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Hydrophobic counterions will also influence retention of organic anions on XAD-2 and -4 (15,16). A major advantage of these stationary phases, which are PSDVB copolymers, over the alkyl modified silica is their stability throughout the entire pH range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a strongly basic mobile phase can be used to ensure that even very weak organic acid analytes are completely ionized in the presence of the hydrophobic cations. Because of the nature of the suggested interactions and their dependence on the experimental conditions, chromatography on the XADs in the presence of counterions was also called IIC (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ion interaction chromatography of organic anions in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts

Iskandarani¹,

Pietrzyk²

1982

Anal. Chem.

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108

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The major equilibria that contribute to the retention of an organic analyte anion on PRP-1 (a nonpolar poly(styrenedlvlnylberizene) adsorbent) In the presence of a tetraalkylammonlum cation (R4N+), a coanlon, and OH' are identified and used to derive an equation describing the analyte retention which was experimentally verified. The significant parameters are structure and concentration of R4N+, mobile phase solvent composition and pH, analyte concentration, and type and concentration of coanlon. The ability of a R,,N+ salt to enhance analyte retention changes significantly as the coanlon Is changed. The analyte retention, referred to as Ion Interaction, Is suggested to follow a double layer model where the R4N+ salt occupies a primary layer at the stationary phase while the analyte anion and other anions in the system compete for the secondary layer. A major equilibrium is the selectivity of one anion over another. Several applications are Illustrated.Adding: hydrophobic counterions to a mobile phase to enhance retention and resolution has been widely used in the liquid chromatographic (LC) separation of charged organic species on alkyl-modified silica (1-3). Other studies have focused on identifying the interactions that occur in the presence of the counterions, and several retention mechanisms have been proposed (1-12).The ion pair mechanism is one where it is suggested that ion pairs form between analyte ions and the hydrophobic counterions prior to sorption on a hydrophobic alkyl-modified silica stationary phase. Experimental evidence supporting this are isotherm measurements and correlation of retention with counterion concentration. Other workers suggested an ion exchange mechanism, where the counterions are first sorbed and these charge sites serve as exchange sites for the analyte ions. Retention of counterion on the stationary phase and correlation of this to analyte retention has been the major supporting evidence for an ion exchange mechanism. It has also been suggested that both occur and the extent to which one is more significant than the other is a function of the conditions employed in the LC separation. If very longchained, bulky, hydrophobic counterions are used, micelle formation and molecular size factors are significant parameters that influence retention.Because neither the ion pair nor ion exchange mechanism individually explains all the experimental results, retention models that are broader in scope and which attempt to account for all equilibria have been suggested (2, 4, 5,10-14). Thus, Biddlingmeyer et al. (2,5) proposed a model that does not require ion pair formation in either phase and is not based on classical ion exchange. This model assumes dynamic equilibrium which is affected by electrostatic, eluophilic, eluphobic, adsorbophilic, and adsorbophobic forces. Although this study was done on a C-18 bonded phase the model is very similar to the double layer model proposed by Cantwell and

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

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Ion interaction chromatography of organic anions in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts

Iskandarani¹,

Pietrzyk²

1982

Anal. Chem.

Self Cite

108

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“…IIC is also advantageous in that capacity factors and selectivities of anions can be independently controlled by changing mobile phase conditions. Pietrzyk and co-workers (11,15,16) have published a series of papers on the IIC of anions on resin columns using mobile phases consisting of tetraalkylammonium (R4N+) ions, water, acetonitrile, and inorganic anions. In an expression derived from equilibria and mass balance equations, the capacity factor of a monovalent anion was shown to be directly proportional to the R4N+ concentration in the mobile phase and inversely proportional to the concentrations of the monovalent eluant anion and the analyte ion (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chloride, bromide, and iodide in silver halides by ion exchange and ion interaction chromatography

Gustafson¹,

Simpson²

1985

Anal. Chem.

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“…The resin, which is made of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, exhibits a great tendency to adsorb hydrophobic substances on the surface. It has been demonstrated that the XAD resins act as reversed stationary supports in HPLC (4) and that enhanced retention is observed for various organic ions when suitable counterions such as tetraalkylammonium ions are present in the mobile phase (5). The mechanism, though not yet well elucidated, is explained on the basis of an electrical double layer, an ion exchange, or an ion-pair model (5,6).…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for determining the association of plastocyanin with tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) using an Amberlite XAD-2 resin column

Sanemasa¹,

Toda

Deguchi³

et al. 1985

Anal. Chem.

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Ion-interaction in high performance liquid chromatography of benzenesulfonic acids on Amberlite XAD-2

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Ion interaction chromatography of organic anions in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts

Ion interaction chromatography of organic anions in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts

Determination of chloride, bromide, and iodide in silver halides by ion exchange and ion interaction chromatography

Method for determining the association of plastocyanin with tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) using an Amberlite XAD-2 resin column

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