Ion Migration in Halide Perovskites

Biomolecules incorporated in halide perovskite nanocrystals: synthesis, optical properties, and applications

“…22–24 Ion migration due to the electron vacancies of halides at the perovskite surface and at grain boundaries, as well as ion clusters, caused by an excess of anions or cations in the perovskite solution, are also believed to facilitate material degradation. 25–28 Such defects are also known to have deleterious effects on the optical properties of the HPs, for instance serving as non-radiative recombination centers and dramatically decreasing the optoelectronic performance of HPs. Successful defect control not only reduces non-radiative recombination centers to improve the materials performance, but also increases the stability and thereby lifetime of the charge carriers.…”