Ion Release from Dental Implants, Prosthetic Abutments and Crowns under Physiological and Acidic Conditions

Abstract

Ion release from dental implants and prosthetic restoration can affect osteointegration and implant viability over a long period of time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the ion release from implants and crowns, with and without intermediate anodized abutments, in two different media, simulating clinical conditions. The implants, intermediate prosthetic abutments and Cr–Co crowns were divided into two groups depending on the media: Hanks’ solution and 1% lactic acid, simulating body fluids and microbiologically conditioned fluids, respectively. The study followed the ISO 10271:2011 and 10993-15:2000 standards modified to simulate the replacement of fluids in the oral environment. The ions’ release was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-EOS), and only aluminum, chromium, cobalt, titanium and vanadium were identified. Ion concentration was higher in lactic acid than in Hanks’ solution at all time points (p < 0.05). Only vanadium showed a very low ion release in lactic acid, with no statistically significant differences from the ion release in Hanks’ solution (p = 0.524). Both anodized abutments and the immersion medium influenced the release of ions and affected the corrosion of these structures. The presence of an intermediate anodized abutment also affected ion release, as the level of ions was lower in groups with this component.

Benefits of Residual Aluminum Oxide for Sand Blasting Titanium Dental Implants: Osseointegration and Bactericidal Effects

“…It is well known that the aluminum oxide (alumina) is considered bioinert and is insoluble. The ion release of aluminum from alumina immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) is much lower than Ti-6Al-4V [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Surface Properties and In Vitro Corrosion Studies of Blasted and Thermally Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy for Bioimplant Applications

“…The physiological environment is densely packed with protein, amino acids, and chemical compounds. The implant’s corrosion leads to the release of metal ions, which may affect its biocompatibility [ 23 , 24 ]. The surface features of Ti alloys have a critical role in corrosion behavior [ 25 ].…”

Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions

“…Although biocompatibility concerns arose over the years due to intraoral corrosion and tribocorrosion of various alloys, such as stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and nickel-titanium, resulting in the increased release of ions with potentially toxic consequences, no consistent results were obtained to date. When evaluating scientific data, the oral environment, especially saliva, also has an impact on metallic materials as it is itself an electrolyte [ 8 ]. In vitro evaluation of the release of metal ions from orthodontic alloys is usually performed in artificial saliva, with an emphasis on mimicking in vivo conditions in terms of pH, temperature, and saliva composition [ 9 ].…”