Ion Sensor for the Quantification of Sodium in Sweat Samples

Wujcik, Evan K.; Blasdel, Nathaniel J.; Trowbridge, D.; Monty, Chelsea N.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2013.2257168

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous work has shown that the nanocomposite has a percolation threshold of 2% [32], [33]. In this work, the optimum loading was found by determining the alpha values of nanocomposites with increasing MWCNT loadings.…”

Section: B Sensor Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fabric Nanocomposite Resistance Temperature Detector

et al. 2015

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This paper illustrates the characterization of a fabric resistance temperature (RTD) detector made from electrospun nylon-6 functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy) for use in supracutaneous applications like smart clothing, prosthetic sockets, and other medical devices where a temperature detecting fabric is better suited than a rigid detector. The nanocomposite material acts like a RTD, because the conductivity increases linearly with temperature. The empirically determined temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is reported for this material, and is -0.204 ± 0.008%/C. Development of a simple and scalable process for constructing the detector utilized electrospinning nylon-6 as a membrane style substrate, vacuum filtration of MWCNTs onto the nylon scaffold, and vapor phase polymerization of pyrrole to PPy onto the MWCNT functionalized nylon nanofibers. The optimal loading of MWCNTs is 6.6 wt%. The conductivity of the device follows a percolative behavior and TCR values indicate this is a viable option for temperature detection. Resistance decreases with increasing temperature, which indicates this is a negative TCR material.

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Section: B Sensor Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fabric Nanocomposite Resistance Temperature Detector

et al. 2015

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“…A flexible, textile capacitive sensor fabricated from conductive textile patches to measure capacitance of the human body has been reported [35] which could reveal information of human activities such as including heart rate and breathing rate monitoring, hand gesture recognition, swallowing monitoring, and gait analysis. An amperometric sensor composed of a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) functionalized nylon-6 mat to quantify the amount of sodium ions in sweat in real-time has been designed and developed [36]. Wearable micromachined sensors can be very powerful in providing accurate biomechanical analysis under ambulatory conditions [37].…”

Section: Sensors For Human Activity Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring: A Review

2015

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An increase in world population along with a significant aging portion is forcing rapid rises in healthcare costs. The healthcare system is going through a transformation in which continuous monitoring of inhabitants is possible even without hospitalization. The advancement of sensing technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, nano technologies, and miniaturization makes it possible to develop smart systems to monitor activities of human beings continuously. Wearable sensors detect abnormal and/or unforeseen situations by monitoring physiological parameters along with other symptoms. Therefore, necessary help can be provided in times of dire need. This paper reviews the latest reported systems on activity monitoring of humans based on wearable sensors and issues to be addressed to tackle the challenges.Index Terms-Wearable sensors, smart sensors, sensor networks, wireless sensor networks, body sensor networks, body area networks, activity monitoring, assisted living, smart home, physiological parameters monitoring.1530-437X He is currently a Professor of Sensing Technology with the School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. He has over 25 years of teaching and research experiences.His fields of interest include sensors and sensing technology, instrumenta-

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“…[16][17][18][19][20] In recent years, the electrolyte content of sweat has been used to determine the physiological status of a person, such as hydration or tiredness. 8,[21][22][23] In-situ sweat analysis has been centered mainly on pH level detection and sodium ion concentration monitoring. Diamond's group, as a part of the BIOTEX project, 24 developed textile sensors for sweat pH analysis using optical techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A portable optical human sweat sensor

Alomari

Liu

Mueller

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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We describe the use of HNQ (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or Lawsone) as a potential sweat sensor material to detect the hydration levels of human beings. We have conducted optical measurements using both artificial and human sweat to validate our approach. We have determined that the dominant compound that affects HNQ absorbance in artificial sweat is sodium. The presence of lactate decreases the reactivity of HNQ while urea promotes more interactions of sodium and potassium ions with HNQ. The interactions between the hydroxyl group of HNQ and the artificial sweat components (salts, lactic acid, and urea) were investigated comprehensively. We have also proposed and developed a portable diode laser absorption sensor system that converts the absorbance at a particular wavelength range (at 455 ± 5 nm, where HNQ has an absorbance peak) into light intensity measurements via a photocell. The absorbance intensity values obtained from our portable sensor system agrees within 10.4% with measurements from a laboratory based ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Findings of this research will provide significant information for researchers who are focusing on real-time, in-situ hydration level detection.

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Ion Sensor for the Quantification of Sodium in Sweat Samples

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Fabric Nanocomposite Resistance Temperature Detector

Fabric Nanocomposite Resistance Temperature Detector

Wearable Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring: A Review

A portable optical human sweat sensor

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