Ion solvation in aqueous–organic mixtures

Hefter, Glenn

doi:10.1351/pac200577030605

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results are a good example of the difficulties facing theoreticians in predicr.ing the solubilities of "simple" salts. Sinlilar examples abound in the literature [23]. Cs…”

Section: Case Study 3: Alkali Metal Triflatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Hefter

2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Recent solubility measurements of a variety of solid electrolytes in water and aqueous solutions in the author's laboratories are reviewed. The experimental challenge of performing such measurements with high accuracy is demonstrated using the solubility of solid sodium chloride in water at near-ambient temperatures as a paradigm. The special difficulties of measuring low solubilities are demonstrated using Pb(ll) sulfate in various aqueous solutions and Pb(Il) oxide in sodium hydroxide solutions, and the usefulness of such measurements for obtaining reliable information on homogeneous reactions in solution is briefly discussed. It is also shown, using the alkali metal trit1ate salts as examples, that determination of the solubilities of even highly soluble salts can be problematic. Lastly, data for the solubilities of a series of sodium carboxylate salts of industrial relevance are discussed and are used to illustrate why the theoretical prediction of solid electrolyte solubilities remains such a challenge.

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“…These results are a good example of the difficulties facing theoreticians in predicr.ing the solubilities of "simple" salts. Sinlilar examples abound in the literature [23]. Cs…”

Section: Case Study 3: Alkali Metal Triflatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Hefter

2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…Various types of aqueous-organic solvent mixed solutions are used in dissolution, 1,2 cleaning, 3 preservation, 4 and as reaction solvents. 5,6 Such mixed solutions are also useful in separation science, [7][8][9] as extraction solvents and in liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tube Radial Distribution Phenomenon of Ternary Mixed Solvents in a Microspace under Laminar Flow Conditions

et al. 2011

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When ternary mixed solutions of water-hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvents are fed into a microspace under laminar flow conditions, the solvent molecules are radially distributed in the microspace. The specific fluidic behavior of the solvents is termed "tube radial distribution phenomenon" (TRDP). In this study, water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixed solutions (3:8:4 volume ratio) containing fluorescent dyes, perylene (0.1 mM) and Eosin Y (1 mM), were fed into fused-silica capillary tubes (75 μm i.d.) for investigating the TRDP with a fluorescence microscope-CCD camera under various analytical conditions. The pressure at the observation point for the fluorescence on the tube was changed by altering the flow rates, capillary total lengths, and capillary effective lengths. The obtained fluorescence images showed that the TRDP in the capillary tube created the inner and outer phases, i.e., the organic solvent-rich major inner and the water-rich minor outer phases in this case, providing the kinetic liquid-liquid interface. The formation of the inner and outer phases in the capillary tube was observed at flow rates of 0.5 -2.0 μL min -1 under the present analytical conditions. We also discuss the specific formation locations of the major and minor solvents.

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“…(14)) in mixed-solvent systems (Kalidas et al, 2000). The standard enthalpy and entropy of transfer become important when details of the nature of bond breaking-making and orderdisorder are of interest (Hefter, 2005). Marcus and coworkers (Marcus, 1985;Hefter et al, 2002) compiled data for the standard enthalpies and entropies of transfer of ions and electrolytes and G 0 t of cations (Kalidas et al, 2000) from water to mixed aqueous-organic solvents published prior to 1996 (or later in some cases), and critically evaluated those values in terms of current views of ion solvation.…”

Section: Transfer Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

Srour¹,

McDonald

2011

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Most of what is known about the environmental fate and transport of contaminants comes from studies of dilute, aqueous solutions. Theoretical and practical aspects of hydrophobic organic contaminants in aqueous mixtures of organic solvents are well developed, but relatively little attention has been paid to those situations where inorganic contaminants such as metals, water, and organic solvents occur simultaneously. The authors discuss changes in solution properties accompanying the addition of organic solvents. They review more than 500 references to available data on ion solvation, solubility, activity, acidity, pairing, and pH in electrolyte and electrolyte-free solvent mixtures and tabulate selected experimental values. Whenever available, equations developed to estimate these properties are given and their applications and limitations described. The implications of the progress in mixed-solvents solution chemistry on contaminant behavior and transport are described. Major limitations to the study of inorganic contamination in mixed solvents include the absence of complete and comprehensive data (e.g., type of ionic species, activity coefficients, solubility constants) that characterize solute and solvent properties in these mixtures and the indefinite number of possible solute and solvent combinations. The generation of models predicting such data from easily measured benchmark solute and solvent properties is a major challenge. The availability of such database and models may open the field for environmental engineers and soil scientists to study the basic chemical processes and mechanisms of metal contamination in complex multicomponent systems.

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Ion solvation in aqueous–organic mixtures

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Tube Radial Distribution Phenomenon of Ternary Mixed Solvents in a Microspace under Laminar Flow Conditions

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

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