Ionic Conductivity in Binary Solvent Mixtures. 3. Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Propylene Carbonate at 25 °C

Abstract

Electrolytic conductance measurements for potassium alkyl xanthates (alkyl: methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, butyl, and 3-methyl-1-butyl) are reported at x A ) 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 dimethyl sulfoxide (A) + propylene carbonate (B) mixtures at 25°C. The results are analyzed by the Fuoss conductance-concentration equation. Values of limiting molar conductance Λ 0 , association constant K A , and cosphere diameter R are obtained, and an attempt is made to relate these parameters to the increasing size of the attached alkyl substituents in the xanthate anion.

Ionic Conductivity in Binary Solvent Mixtures. 5. Behavior of Selected 1:1 Electrolytes in Ethylene Carbonate + Water at 25 °C

“…The equations and notations used are the same as those used by Fuoss and described elsewhere. 7 The program "SCAN ON RHO" 6,8 was used to compute the conductivity parameters, viz., limiting molar conductivity Λ o , association constant K A , and cosphere diameter R. To accomplish the required calculations, input is the data set (C j , Λ j ), the relative permittivity , the viscosity η, the total number of readings n, the temperature T, the estimated values for Λ o , the fraction of paired ions present as contact pairs R, and instructions to cover a preselected range of R values. On the basis of the relative permeability of the solvent, the initial R value is set at 0.75, and the initial value of Λ o is obtained from a freehand extrapolation of the Kohlrausch plot.…”

Solution Properties of Inorganic Contamination in Mixed Solvents: Theory, Progress, and Limitations

“…In comparison, little information was available for symmetric polyvalent (Molinou and Tsierkezos, 2001;Molinou, 2000, 2006) and unsymmetric electrolytes (K 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , Cd(NO 3 ) 2 , CdCl 2 , CaCl 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , CoCl 2 , and Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ) in nonaqueous (e.g., Gibson et al, 2006;Pura, 2007) or mixed solvents (Fujii et al, 2006;Qiao et al, 2008). In mixed nonaqueous solvents, the study of complexation were almost limited to symmetric univalent electrolytes in binary mixtures containing PC and selected dipolar aprotic solvents such as THF (Al-Najar et al, 1992), EC (Srivastava and Samant, 1994), DMSO (Srivastava and Shankar, 1998), AN (Barthel et al, 1999), and so forth. Qiao et al (2008) determined the ion association of LiBF 4 in MEC + DMC and MEC + AN, and Fujii et al (2006) measured the formation constants of cobalt chloride ion pairs (CoCl + , CoCl − 3 , CoCl 2− 4 , CoCl (2−n)+ n , n = 1-4) in DMF + NMF.…”

“…[Mattina and Fuoss, 1975] Nitrate . DMSO + PC (20-80%; 25 • C) [Srivastava and Shankar, 1998] Perchlorate 2-methoxyethanol + H 2 O (20-80%; 25 • C) [Das and Hazra, 1998]. PC -Najar et al, 1992].…”

“…DMSO + PC (20-80%; 25 • C) [Srivastava and Shankar, 1998 Thiocyanate DMF + H 2 O (0-100%; 25 • C) . MeOH + H 2 O (5,10%; 0-50 • C) [Wahab and Mahiuddin, 2005] K alkyl xanthates DMSO + PC (20-80%; 25 • C) [Srivastava and Shankar, 1998] Sulfate Dioxane + H 2 O (10-30%; 35 • C) [Das, 1981] Rubidium Chloride Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Kunze and Fuoss, 1963b] Bromide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Lind and Fuoss, 1962] Iodide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Fabry and Fuoss, 1964] (Continued on next page) [Hawas and Kay, 1965].…”

“…MeOH + H 2 O (5,10%; 0-50 • C) [Wahab and Mahiuddin, 2005] K alkyl xanthates DMSO + PC (20-80%; 25 • C) [Srivastava and Shankar, 1998] Sulfate Dioxane + H 2 O (10-30%; 35 • C) [Das, 1981] Rubidium Chloride Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Kunze and Fuoss, 1963b] Bromide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Lind and Fuoss, 1962] Iodide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Fabry and Fuoss, 1964] (Continued on next page) [Hawas and Kay, 1965]. Dioxane [Justice and Fuoss, 1963] Bromide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Mattina and Fuoss, 1975] Iodide Dioxane + H 2 O (0-78.8%; 25 • C) [Lind and Fuoss, 1961b] Silver Perchlorate EC + H 2 O (20-80%; 25 • C) [Srivastava et al, 1996] [Barczynska et al, 1992].…”