Ionic conductivity in Na+, K+, and Ag+ β″-alumina

Briant, J.L.; Farrington, G. C.

doi:10.1016/0022-4596(80)90161-9

Cited by 197 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This result indicates that Na-4-mica is ionic conductor at higher temperatures. On the other hand, Na-4-mica did not show as high conductivity as β  and β"-alumina single crystals have (10 -3 -10 -1 S/cm, at room temperatures [14]). If micas with a larger amount of Na + ion in the interlayer than Na-4-mica can be prepared, oriented and much more densified, they have much higher conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New synthetic method and ionic conductivity of Na-4-mica

et al. 2006

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If interlayer cations of micas can move in the interlayer, the micas show ionic conductivity.However, K-type fluorophlogopite (KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 F 2 ) which is the representative synthetic mica and the main crystal of mica ceramics is known as an electrical insulator. If interlayer cations of micas are smaller than K + ion which is the interlayer cation of K-type fluorophlogopite and a larger amount of cation is stuffed in the interlayer, the micas have a higher possibility as ionic conductors. As one of such micas, highly charged sodium fluorophlogopite mica (Na 4 Mg 6 Al 4 Si 4 O 20 F 4 ·xH 2 O) which is called "Na-4-mica" is nominated. But there are no studies on its ionic conductivity. In this study, Na-4-mica could be synthesized by new and simple method which consisted of mixing of MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and NaF, calcination, sieving, compaction and firing in a sealed platinum container. The conductivity of the obtained Na-4-mica increased with an increase in temperature and reached 4.3×10 -4 S/cm at 650ºC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New synthetic method and ionic conductivity of Na-4-mica

et al. 2006

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“…Typically, pyramidal M-¢¤¤-Al 2 O 3 (M = metal) ceramics was employed as an ion conductor at the anodic side. As well-known, the Na-¢¤¤-Al 2 O 3 layered structure can substitute Na + for various kinds of alkaline, alkali earth, and heavy metal ions, 20), 21) and can behave as metal sources of these ions in the present system. Under applying a dc field at high temperature, Ag is electrochemically oxidized to Ag + at the Ag (anode) « M-¢¤¤-Al 2 O 3 interface, and then M n+ is injected into the target material.…”

Section: )18)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ion conductors for microfabrication of solid surface

Kamada

2010

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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The present paper describes novel microfabrication techniques which utilize an ion migration at the microcontact between ion conductor and target solid. Two different methods have been recently proposed by our group. One is a solid state electrochemical route for pinpoint doping using an ion conductor. In this approach, an electric field is applied to the solidsolid interface between the cation conductor and target solid, inducing the injection of cations into the target. A significant advantage of this technique is that it enables pinpoint doping into desired locations within a solid target using the ion conductor having an extremely small contact area. On the other hand, we have also investigated an electrochemical microstructuring (i.e., micromachining) of metal surface through an anodic reaction of metal substrate attached to the needle-like ion conductor. The metal substrate is electrochemically oxidized, and then dissolves as M n+ into the ion conductor placed at the cathodic side. As a result of the continuous application of electric field, the metal surface is drilled according to the apex form of the ion conductor employed. This paper reveals the characteristics (merits and demerits) of the present techniques vis-a-vis conventional techniques for doping or micromachining.

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“…However, the condenser temperature of the potassium AMTECs could be ~90 K lower than sodium AMTECs, resulting i n a lower conversion efficiency of the TE bottom cycle. In addition, there is limited experience with potassium coolant and K-BASE solid electrolyte , Briant and Farrington 1980, Crosbie and Tennenhouse 1982, DiStefano 1989 which has higher ionic resistivity than Na-BASE (Figure 3.8).…”

Section: Selection Of Amtec Working Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel, Integrated Reactor / Power Conversion System (LMR-AMTEC)

Rubiolo¹,

Investigator²

2003

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The main features of this project were the development of a long life (up to 10 years) Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) and a static conversion subsystem comprising an Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric (AMTEC) topping cycle and a ThermoElectric (TE) Bottom cycle. Various coupling options of the LMR with the energy conversion subsystem were explored and, base in the performances found in this analysis, an Indirect Coupling (IC) between the LMR and the AMTEC/TE converters with Alkali Metal Boilers (AMB) was chosen as the reference design. The performance model of the fully integrated sodium-and potassium-AMTEC/TE converters shows that a combined conversion efficiency in excess of 30% could be achieved by the plant. [ This page intentionally blank ] 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe overall objectives of this project were to assess the feasibility, develop a conceptual plant layout and engineering solutions, and determine a range of potential applications for a Novel Integrated Reactor/Energy Conversion System. The goal was to design a proliferation resistant, reliable and economical power supply for use by developing countries and in remote locations. The main features of this project were the development of a long life (up to 10 years) Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) and a static conversion subsystem comprising an Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric (AMTEC) topping cycle and a ThermoElectric (TE) Bottom cycle. Furthermore, various coupling options of the LMR with the energy conversion subsystem were explored.The project was performed by the Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (WEC), which was responsible for the long-life sodium reactor development, the University of New Mexico's Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies (UNM-ISNPS), which was responsible for developing the AMTEC/TE energy conversion system and designing the electric converter modules, and the Institute for Engineering Research and Applications (IERA) at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, which was responsible for supporting Westinghouse's activities related t o the transport safety and waste disposal.The work performed by Westinghouse Electric Company LLC on the reactor design and coupling with the conversion modules included three major areas:1-Selection of the reference LMR-AMTEC design concept Different design options were evaluated using a plant model. An Indirect Coupling (IC) plant with Alkali Metal Boilers (AMB) (see Figure 1) was chosen as the reference design as it exhibited the best performance. The main features of the design are:• IC between the LMR and the AMTEC units: two independent loops are employed.• Sodium and potassium are used as primary and secondary coolants, respectively.• The net plant efficiency is 28.2% when the core outlet temperature is 1070 K.• The LMR core is composed of 78 fuel elements and 78 reflector elements. The fuel is (U,Pu)N and the cladding is made of the refractory alloy Nb-1Zr.• The AMBs generate the potassium vapor, which is fed into the AMTEC units. TheAMBs can operate in once-through or in recirculat...

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Ionic conductivity in Na+, K+, and Ag+ β″-alumina

Cited by 197 publications

References 11 publications

New synthetic method and ionic conductivity of Na-4-mica

New synthetic method and ionic conductivity of Na-4-mica

Application of ion conductors for microfabrication of solid surface

Novel, Integrated Reactor / Power Conversion System (LMR-AMTEC)

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