Ionic Conductivity, Na Plating–Stripping, and Battery Performance of Solid Polymer Na Ion Electrolyte Based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

Abstract

Solid-state sodium-ion batteries (ss-SIBs) are a promising alternative to commercially available lithium-ion batteries for next-generation energy storage applications due to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium over lithium. Herein, using a facile solution casting process, a high sodium-ion conductive, filler-less composite solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) binder, and NaPF 6 salt for ss-SIB has been successfully fabricated. Total conductivities of 8.51 × 10 −4 and 8.36 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 23 and 83 °C, respectively, were observed from the SPE. A hybrid symmetric half-cell assembly using Na electrode and 1 M NaClO 4 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) (EC/PC = 1:1 wt %) electrolyte showed excellent Na plating−stripping performance at 10 mA cm −2 at 23 °C. The study showed that PVP binder played an important role in achieving good Na ion conductivity and excellent Na plating−stripping performance, highlighting the applicability of the as-prepared SPE in next-generation high-power rechargeable SIBs. A full cell with an SPE, a Na anode, and a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode showed a discharge capacity of 93.2 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C with 86% capacity retention and 99.68% Coulombic efficiency for 100 cycles.

Ameliorating Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Behavior of Synergistically Coupled All Solid State PAN-Na2Mg2TeO6-NaPF6 Nanohybrid Membrane Electrolyte

“…The polymeric matrix reduces the interfacial resistance by good adhesion with electrodes, while the ceramic electrolyte forms the fast ion transport pathway. 4,19,20 Thus, nanofillers incorporated assist sodium-ion migration between electrodes and act as a separator. Earlier, non-Na + -conducting nanoparticles such as ZnO, Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and SiO 2 and Na + -conducting nanoparticles such as Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 , Na-β-Al 2 O 3 , Na 3 PS 4 , and Na 3 OBr were incorporated into the host polymer matrix.…”

“…Furthermore, to enhance the ionic conductivity and excellent flexibility, a potential technique of dual merits of polymer and ceramic-based electrolytes, namely, nanohybrid polymer electrolyte made of a polymeric matrix reinforced with nanofiller was used. The polymeric matrix reduces the interfacial resistance by good adhesion with electrodes, while the ceramic electrolyte forms the fast ion transport pathway. ,, Thus, nanofillers incorporated assist sodium-ion migration between electrodes and act as a separator. Earlier, non-Na + -conducting nanoparticles such as ZnO, Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and SiO 2 and Na + -conducting nanoparticles such as Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 , Na-β-Al 2 O 3 , Na 3 PS 4 , and Na 3 OBr were incorporated into the host polymer matrix.…”

“…In order to eliminate the problems associated with liquid electrolytes, solid state polymer electrolytes were designed. In this regard, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are apt for usage, because they have flexibility to the desired shape, no electrolyte leakage, good mechanical strength, good electrode–electrolyte interface, large electrochemical widows, high chemical stability, etc. − The polymer matrix such as poly­(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly­(vinylidene fluoride- co -hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly­(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are commonly used as solid polymer electrolytes for Na + -based energy storage systems. − Among them, polyacrylonitrile has been employed as the optimum solid polymer electrolyte by virtue of its superior qualities, such as good mechanical strength, low thermal resistance, flame retardant properties, and low electrolyte–electrode interface resistance. Despite these merits, pristine PAN-based solid polymer electrolytes suffer low ionic conductivity concerns. , …”

High ionic conducting rare-earth silicate electrolytes for sodium metal batteries

“…19,20 Polymer-based solid electrolytes are another type of inorganic solid electrolytes; they are thin, exible, and easily synthesized by solution casting. [21][22][23] Even though polymers exhibit lower RT ionic conductivity (∼10 −5 S cm −1 ) compared to other inorganic solid electrolytes (∼10 −4 S cm −1 ), they have good interfacial contact with electrodes. In order to obtain the benets of both ceramics and polymer, composite electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance to electrodes have been developed.…”

Progress in Sodium Silicates for All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries—a Review

“…Thus, a composite of polymer and ceramic electrolytes is developed to obtain high-ionic conduction and low-interfacial resistance with electrodes. [40][41][42] Sulfides are another inorganic solid electrolyte with excellent ionic conductivity at RT (10 À3 S cm À1 ). [43] The main drawback is the moisture sensitivity of these materials.…”