Ionic Conductivity of Cubic Solid Solutions in the System CaO—Y2O3—ZrO2

Strickler, D. W.; Carlson, W. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1964.tb14368.x

Cited by 284 publications

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“…The first trivalent Al 3+ ion conductor reported by us was in the above introduced Al 2 (WO 4 ) 3 system, with an electrical conductivity of 3.2 × 10 −6 S·cm −1 at 600°C [5]. This remains considerably below > 10 −4 S·cm −1 , a value more in line with values exhibited by commercialized solid electrolytes such as yttria stabilized (YSZ) and calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) [12].For the purpose of realizing a practical Al 3+ ion conducting solid electrolyte, NASICON (denotes Na + Super Ion CONductor) [13], composed of a three dimensional network structure that is more suitable as compared with a two-dimensional layered structure, was chosen in our study given its rather open crystallographic structure. This is J Electroceram (2010) 24:331-344…”

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confidence: 70%

The development of novel trivalent ion conducting solids and their application for gas sensors

Imanaka

Tamura

2009

J Electroceram

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An exceptionally high Al 3+ ion conducting polycrystalline solid based on the NASICON type structure was successfully realized within the system (Al x Zr 1−x ) 4/(4−x) Nb (PO 4 ) 3 . The partial substitution of the smaller higher valent Nb 5+ ion for Zr 4+ helped stabilize and accommodate the mobile Al 3+ ion into the NASICON like structure. The addition of boron oxide to the Al 3+ ion conducting solid electrolyte, as a sintering additive, aided in the achievement of satisfactory mechanical strength and density for practical use. Environmental gas sensors were fabricated by combining the (Al x Zr 1−x ) 4/(4−x) Nb(PO 4 ) 3 solid electrolyte with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and appropriate auxiliary electrodes. The Nernst-like electrochemical sensors demonstrated rapid and reproducible response to CO 2 and NOx, thereby promising excellent potential for environmental monitoring applications.1 Novel trivalent ion conducting solids IntroductionSolid electrolytes are representative of functional materials with important industrial applications including batteries, fuel cells and sensors. A key outstanding characteristic of these materials is that only a single ionic species can rapidly migrate in these solids [1,2]. However, until recently, highly conducting ions have been largely limited to mono or divalent ionic species. Trivalent rare earth (RE) ions, ion exchanged with Na + in some systems, are reported to exhibit reasonably high levels of conductivity. However, a significant Na + ion residue remains, contributing to mixed RE 3+ and Na + conduction [3]. As a consequence, purely highly trivalent ion conducting solids have not been realized until recently.In 1995, a solid exhibiting highly conducting Sc 3+ ions was demonstrated for Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 single crystals [4]. This was followed by the identification, by our group, of solids which conduct predominantly by Al 3+ [5], In 3+ [6], and other rare earth ion species [7][8][9][10][11]. The tungstate series (M 2 (WO 4 ) 3 ), has a quasi-two dimensional layered structure, suitable for ion migration in the crystal structure. In addition, hexa-valent tungsten ions strongly bond to oxide ions, as a result, the M 3+ ions are able to migrate readily in the layered structure. Among trivalent cations, probably the most important industrially is the common metal ion Al 3+ given its importance in the manufacture of light weight structural elements, beverage containers, oxidation resistant structures, etc. The first trivalent Al 3+ ion conductor reported by us was in the above introduced Al 2 (WO 4 ) 3 system, with an electrical conductivity of 3.2 × 10 −6 S·cm −1 at 600°C [5]. This remains considerably below > 10 −4 S·cm −1 , a value more in line with values exhibited by commercialized solid electrolytes such as yttria stabilized (YSZ) and calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) [12].For the purpose of realizing a practical Al 3+ ion conducting solid electrolyte, NASICON (denotes Na + Super Ion CONductor) [13], composed of a three dimensional network structure that is more suitable...

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confidence: 70%

The development of novel trivalent ion conducting solids and their application for gas sensors

Imanaka

Tamura

2009

J Electroceram

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“…3. This hole has a simple Lorentzian shape without any anti-holes and side- by several authors [25,26,27] are also shown.…”

Section: Fi"-aluminamentioning

confidence: 92%

Study on Ion-dynamics in solids by hole burning spectroscopy

Hattori

2003

Ionics

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Abstract. The importance of hole burning spectroscopy for studying elementary migration processes of ions in superionic conductors is being discussed using two examples. In [Y'-alumina, the potential energy for the conduction of ions along the conduction path, as obtained from the analysis of the results of hole burning spectroscopy, showed that there are two different bare-potentials along the ionic conduction path. One of them is higher than the activation energy for ionic conductivity. This result gives direct evidence that an ionic interaction among the conducting ions plays an important role for ion migration in ]Y'-alumina. In YSZ with various concentration of Y203, we have observed persistent holes in Pr ~+ ions doped samples. Their disordered nature will be discussed using the bandwidth considerations.

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“…The temperature dependence of the trivalent A13+ ion conductivity of (AlxZrl_x)a/(4_x)Nb(PO4) 3 is presented in Fig. 3 with the data of the trivalent Sc 3+ ion conducting solids reported to show the optimum ion conductivity among the 8c2(WO4) 3 type and the M1/zZr2(PO4)3 type series, and the data of representative commercially available oxide anion conductors of YSZ [13] and CSZ [13]. As can be easily recognized, the (AlxZrt_x)4/(4_~)Nb(PO4) 3 solid electrolyte possesses the highest trivalent ion conductivity among the conductors, and the AI 3 § ion conducting solid electrolyte was combined with YSZ whose ion conductivity is similar to that of (A1,Zr,x)4xa.,Nb(PO4)~ at the operating temperature of 450 ~ and a new type of NO gas sensor was fabricated as introduced in Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The development of multivalent ion conductors and their application for chemical sensors

Imanaka

2003

Ionics

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Abstract. New types of multivalent ion conducting solid electrolytes have been extensively developed and their applications for chemical sensors were investigated. Among the trivalent ion conductors, the highest ion conductivity was realized with the (AlxZq_x)4,(~_x)Nb(PO4)3 solid electrolyte and the value reaches the region between yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) of the representative oxide anion conductors. The above described A13. ion conducting (AIxZrt_04,t4_~)Nb(PO4) 3 solid electrolyte was combined with YSZ, with accompanying the Y, O3-KNO_, solid solution as an auxiliary electrode for nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas sensing. The sensor response was rapid and a reproducible output was continuously observed obeying the Nemst theoretical relationship in a typical NO gas content region in exhaust gases.

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Ionic Conductivity of Cubic Solid Solutions in the System CaO—Y₂O₃—ZrO₂

Abstract: 0 1 2 3 4 5 DISTANCE FROM HOT FACE (IN.) Fig. 18. Distribution of lime plus silica after slogging.

Cited by 284 publications

References 11 publications

The development of novel trivalent ion conducting solids and their application for gas sensors

The development of novel trivalent ion conducting solids and their application for gas sensors

Study on Ion-dynamics in solids by hole burning spectroscopy

The development of multivalent ion conductors and their application for chemical sensors

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