Ionic electroactive polymer artificial muscles in space applications

Punning, Andres; Kim, Kwang Jin; Palmre, Viljar; Vidal, Frédéric; Plesse, Cédric; Festin, Nicolas; Maziz, Ali; Asaka, Kinji; Sugino, Takushi; Alici, Gürsel; Spinks, Geoffrey M.; Wallace, Gordon G.; Must, Indrek; Põldsalu, Inga; Vunder, Veiko; Temmer, Rauno; Kruusamäe, Karl; Torop, Janno; Kaasik, Friedrich; Rinne, Pille; Johanson, Urmas; Peikolainen, Anna‐Liisa; Tamm, Tarmo; Aabloo, Alvo

doi:10.1038/srep06913

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…43 It is important to understand ionic liquids' radiation stabilities in space environment because they are now investigated for aiming at the application of not only batteries but also other space technology, such as space propulsion, [44][45][46][47] space lubricants, [48][49][50] and artificial muscles. 51 We did not observe any apparent change in shape and volume for three cells. The charge-discharge curves of the three 0.4 Ah cells with different electrolytes (LiFSI/EMImFSI, LiTFSI/EMImFSI, and LiFSI/MPPyrFSI), which were obtained after the 12-krad radiation tolerance test are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Radiation Tolerance Of Il-libsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The First Lithium-ion Battery with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Demonstrated in Extreme Environment of Space

et al. 2015

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A prototype lithium-ion battery with a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI)-based ionic liquid electrolyte was developed. The prototype was mounted on a demonstration module of the "Hodoyoshi-3" microsatellite, which was successfully launched on June 20, 2014. Qualification tests for space application, including radiation tolerance and vacuum tests, revealed negligible degradation of the ionic liquid-based lithium-ion battery (IL-LIB) cell. According to the flight data, the IL-LIB cell can exist stably in an ultra-high vacuum environment despite its thin and flexible pouch casing without any rigid anti-vacuum reinforcements. Furthermore, the power unit showed the same charge-discharge performance as that predicted by the charge-discharge behavior of an identical cell on the ground, suggesting that the IL-LIB cell maintains performance in high vacuum a microgravity environment. These results prove that LIB cells with FSI-based ionic liquids can be used as a power source for space applications.

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Section: Radiation Tolerance Of Il-libsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The First Lithium-ion Battery with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Demonstrated in Extreme Environment of Space

et al. 2015

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“…IEAPs stand out as strong candidates for actuators in a wide ranges of applications including but not limited to biomimetic robotics [12][13][14][15][16], varifocal optics [17][18][19], haptic displays [20,21], space technology [22,23], microfluidic systems [24][25][26], and biology-on-chip devices [27]. The large number of possible application areas can be attributed to the unique properties of these actuators, such as softness, silent operation, fairly simple structure that allows easy miniaturization, adjustable actuation trajectories, ability to function in liquid environments, and optionally metal-free composition, to name a few.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Issues of repeatability can emerge due to viscoelastic creep that depends both on the temperature of the environment as well as the heating induced by the actuator's driving signal [37][38][39][40]. The performance of IEAP actuators has been reported to change both because of repeated work-cycles as well as the spontaneous deterioration [23,41]. Furthermore, several types of IEAPs suffer from so-called back-relaxation: a process where after initial bending, the actuator moves towards its starting position even though a constant voltage is applied [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Sensing Ionic Polymer Actuators: A Review

et al. 2015

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Ionic electromechanically active polymers (IEAP) are laminar composites that can be considered attractive candidates for soft actuators. Their outstanding properties such as low operating voltage, easy miniaturization, and noiseless operation are, however, marred by issues related to the repeatability in the production and operation of these materials. Implementing closed-loop control for IEAP actuators is a viable option for overcoming these issues. Since IEAP laminates also behave as mechanoelectrical sensors, it is advantageous to combine the actuating and sensing functionalities of a single device to create a so-called self-sensing actuator. This review article systematizes the state of the art in producing self-sensing ionic polymer actuators. The IEAPs discussed in this paper are conducting (or conjugated) polymers actuators (CPA), ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC), and carbonaceous polymer laminates.

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“…These actuators are soft multifunctional materials and generally exhibit large deformation under low voltage stimulation. These properties made them attractive for space applications [2]. However, space environment is hostile for polymeric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of ionic conducting IPN actuators in simulated space conditions

et al. 2016

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The presentation focuses on the performances of flexible all-polymer electroactive actuators under space-hazardous environmental factors in laboratory conditions. These bending actuators are based on high molecular weight nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivative and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT). The electroactive PEDOT is embedded within the PEO/NBR membrane which is subsequently swollen with an ionic liquid as electrolyte. Actuators have been submitted to thermal cycling test between -25 to 60°C under vacuum (2.4 10 -8 mbar) and to ionizing Gamma radiations at a level of 210 rad/h during 100 h. Actuators have been characterized before and after space environmental condition ageing. In particular, the viscoelasticity properties and mechanical resistance of the materials have been determined by dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests. The evolution of the actuation properties as the strain and the output force have been characterized as well. The long-term vacuuming, the freezing temperature and the Gamma radiations do not affect significantly the thermomechanical properties of conducting IPNs actuators. Only a slight decrease on actuation performances has been observed.

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Ionic electroactive polymer artificial muscles in space applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

The First Lithium-ion Battery with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Demonstrated in Extreme Environment of Space

The First Lithium-ion Battery with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Demonstrated in Extreme Environment of Space

Self-Sensing Ionic Polymer Actuators: A Review

Behavior of ionic conducting IPN actuators in simulated space conditions

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