Ionic Liquid as a Green Solvent for Lignin

Pu, Yunqiao; Jiang, Nan; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.1080/02773810701282330

Cited by 503 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[16] Lignosulfonic acid is sulfonated lignin; in this study, it was found that it was easy to prepare a 2.5 wt % solution of LS in [Bmim]Cl at 100 8C in 5 min and a brown-red homogeneous solution was obtained. However, an increase in LS concentration from 2.5 to 4.0 wt % required more time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Catalytic Conversion of Inulin and Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Lignosulfonic Acid in Ionic Liquids

Xie¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

2012

ChemSusChem

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In this work, we found that lignosulfonic acid (LS), which is a waste byproduct from the paper industry, in ionic liquids (ILs) can catalyze the dehydration of fructose and inulin into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) efficiently, which is a promising potential substitute for petroleum‐based building blocks. The effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading, and reusability of the catalytic system were studied. It was found that a 94.3 % yield of HMF could be achieved in only 10 min at 100 °C under mild conditions. The reusability study of the LS–IL catalytic system after removal of HMF by ethyl acetate extraction demonstrated that the catalytic activity decreased from 77.4 to 62.9 % after five cycles and the catalytic activity could be recovered after simply removing the accumulated humins by filtration after adding ethanol to the LS–ILs. The integrated utilization of a biorenewable feedstock, catalyst, and ILs is an example of an ideal green chemical process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Catalytic Conversion of Inulin and Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Lignosulfonic Acid in Ionic Liquids

Xie¹,

Zhao²,

Wang³

2012

ChemSusChem

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“…Imidazolium-based cations possess a wide range of lignin and wood flour solubilizing capacity depending on the associated anion (Pu et al, 2007 (Swiderski et al, 2004;Thielemans and Wool, 2005), which are sufficiently distinct from that of lignin, and hence do not favor high lignin solubility.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Wood Flour In Various Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquid‐mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

Lee

Doherty

Linhardt

et al. 2008

Biotech & Bioengineering

853

571

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Lignocellulose represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and bio-based products. Unfortunately, lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant to biotransformation, both microbial and enzymatic, which limits its use and prevents economically viable conversion into value-added products. As a result, effective pretreatment strategies are necessary, which invariably involves high energy processing or results in the degradation of key components of lignocellulose. In this work, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][CH 3 COO]), was used as a pretreatment solvent to extract lignin from wood flour. The cellulose in the pretreated wood flour becomes far less crystalline without undergoing solubilization. When 40% of the lignin was removed, the cellulose crystallinity index dropped below 45, resulting in >90% of the cellulose in wood flour to be hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulase. [Emim] [CH 3 COO] was easily reused, thereby resulting in a highly concentrated solution of chemically unmodified lignin, which may serve as a valuable source of a polyaromatic material as a value-added product.

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“…However, for the purposes of dissolving the plant cell wall, dissolution temperatures beyond 50 °C begin to approach the thermal transition points of lignin, thus increasing the probability of degradation. Specific ionic liquids do have the capability of dissolving plant cell wall material, [19][20][21] but the lack of degradative assessments of these systems currently limit their application in structural studies. Two systems that were shown to be effective and nondegradative in dissolving ball-milled plant cell walls have been recently described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nonderivatized plant cell walls using high‐resolution solution‐state NMR spectroscopy

Yelle

Ralph

Frihart

2008

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

167

179

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A recently described plant cell wall dissolution system has been modified to use perdeuterated solvents to allow direct in-NMR-tube dissolution and high-resolution solution-state NMR of the whole cell wall without derivatization. Finely ground cell wall material dissolves in a solvent system containing dimethylsulfoxide-d 6 and 1-methylimidazole-d 6 in a ratio of 4 : 1 (v/v), keeping wood component structures mainly intact in their near-native state. Two-dimensional NMR experiments, using gradient-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) 1-bond 13 C-1 H correlation spectroscopy, on nonderivatized cell wall material from a representative gymnosperm Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), an angiosperm Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen), and a herbaceous plant Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) demonstrate the efficacy of the system. We describe a method to synthesize 1-methylimidazole-d 6 with a high degree of perdeuteration, thus allowing cell wall dissolution and NMR characterization of nonderivatized plant cell wall structures.

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Ionic Liquid as a Green Solvent for Lignin

Cited by 503 publications

References 33 publications

Catalytic Conversion of Inulin and Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Lignosulfonic Acid in Ionic Liquids

Catalytic Conversion of Inulin and Fructose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Lignosulfonic Acid in Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquid‐mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

Characterization of nonderivatized plant cell walls using high‐resolution solution‐state NMR spectroscopy

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