Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis to Determine Drugs of Abuse in Urine

Liu, Xin; Fu, Rao; Li, Min; Guo, Liping; Yang, Li

doi:10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60697-0

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…From the extraction rates of target compounds which were affected by [BMIM]PF 6 and [HMIM]PF 6 , with the extension of alkyl chain, the enrichment factor of the target compounds was decreased, which indicated that different alkyl chains had an influence on the density of ionic liquids, and water solubility etc. [ 29 ]. Therefore, in the following experiments, [BMIM]Br was chosen as the extraction solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan by ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method combined with HPLC

Xia

et al. 2017

Chemistry Central Journal

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The conditions of heating, ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography were optimized to simultaneously isolate and determinate brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan. Ionic liquids, including [BMIM]Br, [BMIM]BF4, [BMIM]PF6 and [HMIM]PF6, were selected as extraction solvents while methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol and water were selected as dispersants. The chromatographic column was Purospher star RP-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), a mixture of methanol and 0.2% phosphoric acid–water was used as mobile phase at a flow rate 0.65 mL/min. The result displayed that the extraction yields of brazilin and protosappanin B were highest when the concentration of [BMIM]Br methanol solution as extraction solvent was 0.5 mol/L and the solid–liquid ratio was 1:50 (g/mL). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the contents of brazilin showed a good linearity (r = 1.0000) within the range of 1.25–7.50 μg with the average recovery of 99.33%, the contents of protosappanin B also showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999) within the range of 0.50–3.00 μg with the average recovery of 98.31%. This experiment, which adopted environmentally friendly reagent as extraction solvent, not only improved the extraction efficiency, but also avoided the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent. Moreover, it was simple and reliable, and can be of important significance in the study of Traditional Chinese Medicine active ingredient extraction methods. The antibacterial activities of the ionic liquids and methanol extracts were determined using the paper disc diffusion method. The ionic liquid extract was found to possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC value of 37.5 mg crude drug/mL), β-Lactamase producing S. aureus (MIC values of 18.8 mg crude drug/mL), but not against E. coli, Extended spectrum β-Lactamases E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Compared with the ionic liquid extract, the methanol extract was found to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC value of 75.0 mg crude drug/mL), β-Lactamase producing S. aureus (MIC values of 150.0 mg crude drug/mL). However, the same, the methanol extract did not have antibacterial activity against E. coli, Extended spectrum β-Lactamases E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan by ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method combined with HPLC

Xia

et al. 2017

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…The extraction consisted of an IL-mediated extraction step, followed by an acidic back-extraction and CE-UV analysis, which took about 5 minutes in total. The method gave recoveries of 79 -90% from urine samples and LOD values of 210 ng/mL for ephedrine and 390 ng/mL for ketamine [77].…”

Section: Psychostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ephedrine and ketamine extraction from urine was studied by Liu et al [77]. The method consisted of a normal dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction that uses BMIm PF6 as the extraction solvent, in combination with acetonitrile as the disperser solvent.…”

Section: Psychostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microextractions in forensic toxicology: The potential role of ionic liquids

Boeck

Dehaen

Tytgat

et al. 2019

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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In forensic toxicology, scientists are faced with complex samples and trace concentrations of low-dose legal and illegal drugs. To enable accurate and sensitive analysis, a thorough sample preparation step is crucial. In the context of green chemistry, sample preparation techniques are rapidly evolving.Microextractions are introduced to avoid the use of large solvent volumes and obtain high analyte enrichment. Another trend is the search for alternative solvents to replace toxic and volatile organic solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) -liquid salts -are proposed as promising alternatives, thanks to their low volatility, low flammability, good thermal and chemical stability. Moreover, the IL structure can be altered by combining different cations and anions, resulting in ILs with optimized physicochemical properties for the extraction of a specific analyte. This review describes the current state of microextraction techniques that apply ILs for the extraction of forensically relevant drugs in biological samples.

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“…Table 6 summarizes in detail these miniaturized applications for the enrichment of dissociative drugs and related substances in forensic matrices, with emphasis on the key characteristics on the developed methodologies. Table S5 (Supplementary Material) contains information regarding other techniques for the determination of these classes of compounds in the forensic context [89,90,98,100,105,120,129,130,145,157,164,174,194,196,[224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234].…”

Section: Hallucinogens Dissociative Drugs and Related Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

et al. 2021

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The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.

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Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis to Determine Drugs of Abuse in Urine

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Simultaneous determination of brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan by ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method combined with HPLC

Simultaneous determination of brazilin and protosappanin B in Caesalpinia sappan by ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method combined with HPLC

Microextractions in forensic toxicology: The potential role of ionic liquids

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

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