Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Tuning Properties To Enhance the Electrochemical Performance of Manganese-Based Layered Oxide Cathode

Abstract

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Challenges of today for Na-based batteries of the future: From materials to cell metrics

“…For instance, the electrochemical activity of the Ni 2+/3+ redox couple of a Na 4 Ni 3 (-PO 4 ) 2 (P 2 O 7 ) positive electrode was firstly experimentally reported by using a NaTFSI:Py 13 FSI (1:9 mol ratio) electrolyte [202]. Improved electrochemical behaviour of both layered oxides and polyanionic materials has been demonstrated, associated to the ability of ILs to hinder manganese dissolution and improve the properties of the positive electrode/electrolyte interface [203][204][205][206]. Nitta et al [207] reported the electrochemical performance of a HC negative electrode in Na [FSA]-[C 3 C 1 pyrr][FSA] (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide, C 3 C 1 pyrr = N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium) IL over a wide temperature range of − 10 • C to 90 • C. A stable cyclability was observed for the HC electrode at 90 • C, with a capacity retention ratio of 84% after 500 cycles.…”

Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Prospects Towards Commercialization

“…Similar design principles were quickly adopted for NIB electrolytes as well and studies were conducted on different sodium salts with varying concentrations in non‐aqueous organic solvent(s) [11] . The inorganic sodium salts namely sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF 6 ), [12,13] sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 ), [14] imides such as sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 termed NaTFSI) and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaN(SO 2 F) 2 termed NaFSI), [15] sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF 3 SO 3 termed NaOTf), [16] sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF 4 ), [17] sodium bis(oxalate)borate (NaBOB) [18] and sodium diflouro(oxalate)borate (NaODFB), [19] etc., were investigated as supporting electrolytes in different organic solvent(s) as well as in ionic liquids [17] . However, the ionic liquids as solvents are usually expensive and are used mainly for special applications where safety is the main concern and not the cost.…”

Controlling at Elevated Temperature the Sodium Intercalation Capacity and Rate Capability of P3‐Na2/3Ni1/2Mn1/2O2 through the Selective Substitution of Nickel with Magnesium

“…It should be noticed that the IL-based electrolyte exhibits lower conductivity (4.5 mS/cm versus 7.98 mS/cm at 20°C) and higher viscosity (74 mPa.s versus 7 mPa.s at 20°C) in comparison with NaPF 6 -PC. [40][41][42] The charging/discharging curves at 20°C and 40°C of NM-16 electrodes in the NaFSI-Pyr 14 FSI electrolyte are shown in Figure S9, while the rate performance is represented in Figure 3 (also compared with that obtained in NaPF 6 -PC). Finally, the dQ/dV plots upon charging and discharging are given in Figure 4.…”