Ionic liquid-coated magnetic SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite for temperature-assisted solid-phase extraction of venlafaxine

Effects of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Functionalization with Ionic Liquids and a Double-Chained Surfactant on the Pretreatment of Plasma Samples during Drug Extraction

“…To date, NPs modified with ILs have been mainly used in the preparation of environmental samples in studies aiming to isolate industrial dyes, drugs, or metals − (Table S2). Indeed, the literature contains only two studies wherein magnetic sorbents are used in the preparation of plasma or serum samples, , while in a third study, Amiri et al used this approach to analyze dried blood samples. In the aforementioned studies, sample volumes of 10 and 2 mL, extraction materials of 40 and 60 mg, and higher volume of desorption solvents were required for analyte extraction (Table S2).…”

“…Indeed, the literature contains only two studies wherein magnetic sorbents are used in the preparation of plasma or serum samples, , while in a third study, Amiri et al used this approach to analyze dried blood samples. In the aforementioned studies, sample volumes of 10 and 2 mL, extraction materials of 40 and 60 mg, and higher volume of desorption solvents were required for analyte extraction (Table S2). For example, the applied procedures allowed for determination of venlafaxine (5 ng/mL) with a recovery of 90% and also β-blockers (1, 5, and 10 ng/mL) in the range of 75–91% .…”

“…In the aforementioned studies, sample volumes of 10 and 2 mL, extraction materials of 40 and 60 mg, and higher volume of desorption solvents were required for analyte extraction (Table S2). For example, the applied procedures allowed for determination of venlafaxine (5 ng/mL) with a recovery of 90% and also β-blockers (1, 5, and 10 ng/mL) in the range of 75–91% . In turn, the use of surfactants as a coating material for NPs for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from biological samples is limited to the application of SDS and CTAB (Table S3).…”

“…In MSPE protocols for biological samples, NPs are mainly functionalized with common materials, such as silica. To date, only a few studies have reported the use of NPs coated with ILs for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in biological samples. − However, in these studies, only a limited number of ILs were tested during the isolation of pharmaceuticals (i.e., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, β-blockers, and venlafaxine) from biofluids. In the case of Fe 3 O 4 -based NPs functionalized with surfactants, mainly CTAB and SDS were previously applied for the analysis of pharmaceutics (e.g., indomethacin, anagliptin, nystatin, and naproxen) in biological samples. − …”