Ionic liquid mediated extraction, assisted by ultrasound energy, of available/mobilizable metals from sediment samples

Abstract

A new extraction method for metals from sediment samples was developed. In this procedure, the chelating agent EDTA was combined with a minimal amount of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim[BF]), assisted by ultrasound energy. The available analytes -Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn- were extracted under optimal conditions for a 12.5 ratio (extractant volume/sample mass) with 0.005molL EDTA solution, 0.1molL NaHCO, 5.0mmolL Bmim[BF] and 7.0min of sonication time, using an ultrasonic bath (output power of 160W). The best extractions were obtained with 100W (power dissipated in the liquid). These conditions were obtained applying the univariate method. It is important to highlight that the conventional method (extraction with 0.05molL EDTA solution only) consumes 6h to extract available metals from sediment samples selectively, and with the proposed procedure the extraction time is noticeable reduced to 7.0min. Extractable metal concentrations obtained were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by the conventional method using a Student's paired t-test.

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…A UAE for soil 184 using a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/oxalic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio) was optimised by two-level full factorial design using NIST SRM 2709 (San Joaquin soil). When sonication of 0.1 g test samples for 10 minutes in 10 mL solvent was followed by a 5 minute period of further heating in a block digestor at 120 °C, recoveries by ICP-AES were similar to certified and indicative values for As, Cd, Mo, Sb, Se and V. Sonication in a mixture 185…”

“…Ultrafine sulfide powder pellets and fused beads, used as calibrants for in situ measurements of Os isotope ratios in sulfides by LA-MC-ICP-MS, were prepared 439 from CNRCG RMs GBW07268 (chalcopyrite) and GBW07267 (pyrite) doped with standard solutions of Ir, Os, and Rh. The homogeneity of the powder pellets for 187 Os/ 188 Os and 187 Re/185 Re was assessed by line scans and spot analyses. Greater phase separation was detected in the chalcopyrite fused beads than in the pyrite ones.…”

The use of ultrasound in the South Cone region. Advances in organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods

“…employing an EDTA-IL solution, with the assistance of ultrasound. The importance of this research is the fact that ultrasound energy reduced the extraction time from 6 h with the conventional method, to 7.0 min [78] . Frena et al .…”

Ultrasound-Responsive Ionic Liquid for Selective Phase Transition Extraction of Zr(IV) Ions

“…Ultrasound waves can trigger the destabilization of nanostructured capsules, pickering emulsions, core-shelled particles, aggregates, micelles, and/or colloids by cavitation phenomena or radiation forces . Ultrasound-assisted IL-based liquid–liquid extraction has been reported to detect heavy metals such as cobalt, copper, zinc, and so forth in environmental water samples. − By a judicious design to hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and polarity, stimuli-responsive ILs could achieve phase transition response to the irradiation with ultrasound and make their application extended.…”