Ionic liquid pretreatment of biomass for sugars production: Driving factors with a plausible mechanism for higher enzymatic digestibility

Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of phenolic compounds: effect of ionic liquids structure and process parameters

“…In another study with an imidazolium-based IL containing lactate anion, similar observations were reported with efficiency towards phenol removal >99.9%. 144 This observation further supports the previous conclusion that the nature of the cation could predominate over the anionic nature in determining the extraction efficiency. To test this hypothesis, two types of ILs with different combinations of anions and cations were used for phenol extraction.…”

“…Low viscosity ILs are considered better in most applications due to several factors such as handling, recovery, increased mass transfer rate, and having better extraction and catalytic properties. [144][145][146] The viscosity of ILs can be altered through the selection of the ion pairs. Viscosity of ILs is also effected by addition of salts, 147,148 temperature and addition of molecular solvents.…”

Characterization of white poplar and eucalyptus after ionic liquid pretreatment as a function of biomass loading using X-ray diffraction and small angle neutron scattering

“…Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been used to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced saccharification yield and rate, where the effectiveness of IL pretreatment is attributed to changes in cellulose crystalline structures (Cheng et al, 2011;Raj et al, 2016), accessibility of enzymes to cellulose (Torr et al, 2016) and lignin content (Pang et al, 2016;Raj et al, 2016). These three factors are coupled together which is determined by the compact and close association of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in plant cell walls (Keegstra, 2010).…”

Comprehensive utilization of Aspergillus niger mycelium waste from citric acid fermentation on the basis of steam explosion and ionic liquid pretreatment

“…The pretreated material becomes porous and accessible to subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for cellulose and chitin pretreatment has also been increasingly recognized as a novel, efficient, and environment-friendly approach for biomass deconstruction [19,20]. Some ILs can influence the activity and stability of enzymes [21][22][23].…”