Ionic Liquids as Additives of Coffee Bean Oil in  Steel-Steel Contacts

Grace, James; Vysochanska, Solomiya; Lodge, Jeffrey; Iglesias, Patricia

doi:10.3390/lubricants3040637

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, another degradation peak was observed for SCG at a relatively low temperature of 213 °C, which has not been reported by other researchers (Plaza et al 2012;Li et al 2014). However, Grace et al (2015) studied the thermal degradation of coffee oil, extracted from SCG, with a thermogravimetric analyzer at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in nitrogen environment and found that the degradation of the oil occurs in two steps.…”

Section: Thermal Degradationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Characterization of Wastes and Coproducts from the Coffee Industry for Composite Material Production

et al. 2016

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This study characterizes and compares coffee chaff (CC) and spent coffee grounds (SCG), the two most useful coffee waste products, and evaluates their performance as fillers and/or reinforcing agents in polymer composites. The morphologies of the CC and the SCG were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Detailed compositional and elemental analyses of the samples were carried out using several techniques. The thermal stabilities of the two types of biomass were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Infrared spectroscopy was performed to investigate the functional groups available on the surface of the biomass. It was found that the CC had higher thermal stability, lower fat content, and a denser fibrous structure than the SCG, making it potentially a more suitable material than the SCG for use as a reinforcing filler in polymer composites. To verify this potential, CC and SCG filled polypropylene composites were produced and evaluated.

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Section: Thermal Degradationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Characterization of Wastes and Coproducts from the Coffee Industry for Composite Material Production

et al. 2016

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“…In the recent decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have shown great potential as lubricants [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or lubricant additives [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] due to their excellent physicochemical properties [27,28], including low melting point, low flammability, negligible vaper pressure, and high thermal stability. One of the most important characteristics of ILs is that their properties can be tailored by varying the species of the cations and anions, giving rise to numerous families that can be used across different tribological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ionicity of Three Protic Ionic Liquids as Neat Lubricants and Lubricant Additives to a Biolubricant

2019

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Friction and wear of sliding surfaces are responsible for important energy losses and negative environmental effects. The use of environmentally friendly and cost-effective protic ionic liquids as neat lubricants and lubricant additives has the potential to increase the efficiency and durability of mechanical components without increasing the environmental damage. In this work, three halogen-free protic ionic liquids with increasing extent of ionicity, 2-hydroxyethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-hydroxymethylammonium 2-ethylhexancate, and 2-hydroxydimethylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate, were synthesized and studied as neat lubricants and additives to a biodegradable oil in a steel–steel contact. The results show that the use of any protic ionic liquid as a neat lubricant or lubricant additive reduced friction and wear with respect to the biodegradable oil. The ionic liquid with the lowest ionicity reached the highest wear reduction. The one possessing the highest ionicity presented the poorest friction and wear behaviors as a neat lubricant, probably due to the more ionic nature of this liquid, which promoted tribocorrosion reactions on the steel surface. This ionic liquid performed better as an additive, showing that a small addition of this liquid in a biodegradable oil is enough to form protective layers on steel surfaces. However, it is not enough to accelerate the wear process with detrimental tribocorrosion reactions.

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“…The samples of IL were prepared for various concentrations of 5%, 3% and 1% by volume. These specific concentrations were chosen in consideration of the fact that the many of the ILs are corrosive in nature above 5% by volume [19]. Calculated amount of IL was blended thoroughly with 10 ml of mineral base oil.…”

Section: Preparation Of Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wear scar diameter is measured as the diameter of the impression taken on aluminum foils at various intervals. This method is discussed elsewhere [19]. The wear rate was then calculated using relevant formulae.…”

Section: Preparation Of Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Behaviour of Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Blended with ZDDP

Koshy¹,

Samad²,

Suresh³

et al. 2019

JESA

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The chemical and physical characteristics of ionic liquids (IL) suggest that ILs when added as additives in lubricants offer better tribological properties than other conventional additives. However, the use of ionic liquids as such as a lubricant is not feasible. Phosphonium based ILs exhibit high miscibility and has been proved to be less corrosive when used as additives in small concentration. This study focuses on the behavior of Trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonate when blended with mineral base oil and engine oil. A comparison of its performance when used with ZDDP in diesel engine lubricant is also included. Tribological tests were carried out in a reciprocating wear test setup on AISI 52100 steel surfaces with a ball-on-flat geometry. Atomic force microscopy of the worn surfaces revealed the formation of a stable film with 3 % IL and 1 % ZDDP blend in base oil. Surface films formed with 1 % and 5 % IL and 1 % ZDDP was observed to be severely worn due to unstable film formation and corrosive nature of the IL at 5% concentration.

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Ionic Liquids as Additives of Coffee Bean Oil in Steel-Steel Contacts

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of Wastes and Coproducts from the Coffee Industry for Composite Material Production

Characterization of Wastes and Coproducts from the Coffee Industry for Composite Material Production

Effect of Ionicity of Three Protic Ionic Liquids as Neat Lubricants and Lubricant Additives to a Biolubricant

Tribological Behaviour of Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquid Blended with ZDDP

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