Ionic liquids as environmental hazards – Crucial data in view of future PBT and PMT assessment

Design of sustainable ionic liquids based on l-phenylalanine and l-alanine dipeptides: Synthesis, toxicity and biodegradation studies

“…The N-bromoacetyl derivatives (39)(40)(41)(42) were also prepared from (35)(36)(37)(38) by acylation with bromoacetyl bromide in dichloromethane in presence of sodium carbonate. The products of alkylation of pyridine with Nbromoacetyl derivative of dipeptide ethyl ester (39)(40)(41)(42) were target dipeptide ILs 3-6, which could also be hydrolyzed to corresponding acids in mild conditions (14)(15)(16)(17). Compound 11 was prepared according to our previous paper [34].…”

“…However, even though ILs with their low vapor pressure have been proposed as green solvents, often a dearth of their toxicity and biodegradability assessment is observed [11,12]. These are key elements in the evaluation of the environmental effect of chemicals [13][14][15][16][17]. Ideally, from an environmental point of view, a green solvent should be non-toxic, biodegradable, use bioresources as starting materials and synthesized using effective environmentally friendly synthesis procedures and be recyclable [18][19][20].…”

Effect of Cation Sorption on 2,4-D Mobility of Herbicidal Ionic Liquids in Agricultural Soil Combined with Diversity of the Bacterial Community

“…32 However, we applied this model following the reports of leading researchers of ionic liquid sorption and OECD recommendations. 33 As presented in Figures S1 and S2, Freundlich isotherms perfectly demonstrated the essence of the separate functioning of cations and anions in soils. The grouping of isotherms for the hydrophilic cation [Bet] and the hydrophobic cations [C 12 Bet] and [CAPBet] is visible in Figure 1 and is described by different values of Freundlich coefficient K f (Figure 2).…”

“…We are aware that the Freundlich model does not contribute to a complete understanding of the adsorption mechanism of the surfactant and that it does not sufficiently describe the environmentally important dilution process . However, we applied this model following the reports of leading researchers of ionic liquid sorption and OECD recommendations . As presented in Figures S1 and S2, Freundlich isotherms perfectly demonstrated the essence of the separate functioning of cations and anions in soils.…”

Interaction of ionic liquids with human serum albumin in the view of bioconcentration: a preliminary study

“…Although they have been hailed as "green solvents" not long ago, significant drawbacks, related mainly to their toxicity and persistence, have already been noticed (Samori et al 2007;Steudte et al 2014;Steudte et al 2012;Stolte et al 2008;Jeremias et al 2021;Yue et al 2021;Mena et al 2020;Khan et al 2021). However, data on their potential for accumulation in living organisms are still limited (Kowalska et al 2021).…”