Ionic Liquids as Surfactants – Applications as Demulsifiers of Petroleum Emulsions

Martínez‐Palou, Rafael; Jorge, Aburto

doi:10.5772/59094

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In each system, a higher magnitude of DG 0 ads is observed as compared to DG 0 m values, which depicts that adsorption at the air-liquid interface is more spontaneous than micellization in aqueous IL systems [56]. This result is also supported by relatively high values of P cmc and pC 20 , as tabulated earlier in Table 3. It is observed that DG 0 ads is This may be due to the increased hydrophobicity of the IL molecule, which improves the propensity of IL molecules to migrate to the interface [57].…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…IL have also been widely explored as potential ionic surfactants in different areas and applications such as extraction of organic compounds, metal ions and radioactive isotopes, and as a template to produce micro/mesoporous materials in microemulsions. In petroleum industry, long-alkyl chain IL have been explored as efficient chemicals for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their enhanced hydrophobic nature [20]. IL are able to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) to low values especially under high-salinity and high-temperature conditions, thus further aiding in oil recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Properties and Micellization Behaviour of Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquids

Pillai

Pal

2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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Ionic liquids (IL) have emerged as a prospective new material for a wide range of industrial applications, owing to their unique structures and properties. Hence, understanding the structure–property relationships of IL is very important for both fundamental and industrial applications. In this study, a series of imidazolium‐based IL with different chain lengths, namely C8mimBF4, C10mimBF4 and C12mimBF4, were synthesized. Their molecular structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the IL synthesized were thermally stable in the desired temperature range. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results of IL was analyzed in order to understand the effect of alkyl length on micellar size. Conductivity and surface tension measurements were carried out to determine the adsorption and aggregation characteristics in aqueous solutions. The influences of temperature as well as alkyl chain length on viscosity were also investigated. Surface adsorption parameters such as surface excess, minimum area, effectiveness and efficiency were also determined from equilibrium surface tension data. A careful analysis of the thermodynamic aspects of air‐ionic liquid aqueous systems reveals that free energies of adsorption are favoured over micellization for all systems.

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Section: Thermodynamics Of Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Properties and Micellization Behaviour of Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquids

Pillai

Pal

2017

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…The aforementioned emulsions can be categorized into stable, mesostable, entrained water, and unstable, depending on the time that one phase can be kept dispersed in the other phase [ 15 , 30 , 42 ]. In general, stable W/O emulsions can hold most of the water in the oil phase for more than five days [ 43 ].…”

Section: Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some ionic liquids possess amphiphilic structure which enables them to have affinity to both water and oil phases [ 15 , 18 , 20 ]. The amphiphilic character may be in cation or anion part of ionic liquids structure.…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Demulsificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of emulsion in oily wastewater essentially requires a demulsification for its effective treatment. There are several technologies that have been used for separating oil and water, such as various physical (e.g., gravitational settling, thermal treatment, membrane separation, flotation, ultrasonic), biological (bioaugmentation, biostimulation), and chemical (e.g., solidifiers, demulsifiers, sorbents) processes [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Chemical demulsification using various demulsifiers is one of the reliable methods which has been widely used in industries for breaking emulsions [ 15 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review

Hassanshahi

2020

Molecules

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In recent years, ionic liquids have received increasing interests as an effective demulsifier due to their characteristics of non-flammability, thermal stability, recyclability, and low vapor pressure. In this study, emulsion formation and types, chemical demulsification system, the application of ionic liquids as a chemical demulsifier, and key factors affecting their performance were comprehensively reviewed. Future challenges and opportunities of ionic liquids application for chemical demulsification were also discussed. The review indicted that the demulsification performance was affected by the type, molecular weight, and concentration of ionic liquids. Moreover, other factors, including the salinity of aqueous phase, temperature, and oil types, could affect the demulsification process. It can be concluded that ionic liquids can be used as a suitable substitute for commercial demulsifiers, but future efforts should be required to develop non-toxic and less expensive ionic liquids with low viscosity, and the demulsification efficiency could be improved through the application of ionic liquids with other methods such as organic solvents.

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Efficient Demulsification of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions Using Bio‐Based Amphiphilic Esters

2023

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Abietic acid (AA) as a natural compound is used to synthesize two amphiphilic esters. AA was reacted with tetraethylene glycol (TG) or polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400) to obtain amphiphilic esters, AA‐TG, and AA‐PG, respectively. AA‐TG and AA‐PG were characterized using different techniques. In addition, the efficacy of these esters in demulsifying water‐in‐heavy crude oil emulsions was evaluated by means of several parameters. The demulsification efficacy (DE) of AA‐TG and AA‐PG reached 100 % in different cases. The results indicated that the DE was improved as the demulsifier concentration and temperature increased and the seawater ratio decreased. Furthermore, AA‐TG and AA‐PG achieved a higher DE and shorter demulsification time than the commercial demulsifier.

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Ionic Liquids as Surfactants – Applications as Demulsifiers of Petroleum Emulsions

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Properties and Micellization Behaviour of Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquids

Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Properties and Micellization Behaviour of Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquids

Application of Ionic Liquids for Chemical Demulsification: A Review

Efficient Demulsification of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions Using Bio‐Based Amphiphilic Esters

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