BACKCGROUND: The ‘green’ image of ionic liquids (ILs) has changed in the last few years since numerous works have evidenced their non-biodegradability, persistence and high ecotoxicity, particularly for the most common imidazolium-based ILs. In this work, the feasibility of catalytic wet peroxide oxidation for the degradation of imidazolium-based ILs of different alkyl chain lengths has been studied under selected operating conditions (1000 mg L−1 IL, stoichiometric H2O2 dose, 2 g L−1 catalyst, pH 3 and 90 °C temperature) using different catalysts such as magnetic iron (Fe3O4) supported on γ-Al2O3 and activated carbon (AC) as well as bare carbon materials (graphite, AC). The catalytic activity and stability and the efficiency of H2O2 consumption have been evaluated. RESULTS: Although both AC-based catalysts led to the conversion of the IL, they yielded a low H2O2 consumption efficiency (24% and 45% with AC and Fe3O4/AC, respectively) due to the fast decomposition of H2O2 and the recombination of radical species into H2O and O2, non-reactive species under the operating conditions. In contrast, graphite and Fe3O4/γ-Al2O3 showed high activity allowing complete conversion and relatively high mineralization degrees of all the ILs tested in 1 h reaction time. Among those catalysts, Fe3O4/γ-Al2O3 exhibited a considerably greater stability upon four successive uses where iron leaching was negligible and the magnetic properties were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation has proved to be an interesting alternative for the treatment of imidazolium-based ILs in water. The application of Fe3O4/γ-Al2O3 is particularly promising due to its high activity, remarkable stability and easy magnetic recoveryThis research has been supported by the Spanish MINECO through the project CTQ2013-4196-R and by the CM through the project S2013/MAE-271