Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Organometallic Catalysis

Synthesis and physical properties of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids based on 1-aryl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium cations

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special class of solvents generally defined as salts with melting points below 100 °C [1]. Due to their unique properties, e.g., their high thermal stability and their negligible vapor pressure [2,3], ILs have found widespread use in different fields of chemistry like synthesis [4][5][6][7][8][9], catalysis [10][11][12][13][14] and materials science [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. ILs generally consist of an organic cation [24], such as the imidazolium or ammonium ion and an inorganic anion like a halide anion or weakly coordinating anions like bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf 2 ] − [25].…”

Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene derivatives in tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs)

“…In the following years, ionic liquids proved to be a remarkable class of compounds due to their high thermal and chemical stability, their negligible vapor pressure and high versatility in terms of chemical structure and usage [21][22][23][24].…”

Sweet, Sugar-Coated Hierarchical Platinum Nanostructures for Easy Support, Heterogenization and Separation

“…The main problem of very small M-NPs under catalytic reaction conditions is that they experience coalescence, aggregation, sintering or Ostwald ripening, which leads to the formation of larger and more stable but less active particles. To avoid this loss of catalytic activity, M-NPs must be stabilized, for instance, by capping ligands [4][5][6], surrounding polymers [7], coating in ionic liquid media [8,9] or by depositing them on supports, such as zeolites [10,11], carbon nanotubes [2] or reduced graphene oxide [12]. An intriguing extension of the well-known polyol synthesis of metal nanoparticles [13,14] and of a biogenic "green synthesis" of M-NPs using plant extracts [15][16][17] is the use of "sugars"; that is, carbohydrates as well-defined, cheap and also effective reducing and stabilizing agents [4][5][6].…”