Ionic polymer cluster energetics: Computational analysis of pendant chain stiffness and charge imbalance

Weiland, Lisa Mauck; Leo, Donald J.

doi:10.1063/1.1937475

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This work relaxes the assumption of zero ionic flux and accurately predicts the time response for a step deformation in the tip of the ionic polymer transducer. Weiland and Leo [30][31][32] also expand upon the analysis of Nemat-Nasser to consider the response of a single ion cluster within the ionomer membrane. Their work considers both electrically and mechanically induced excitations upon the transducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers

Farinholt

Leo

2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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Articles you may be interested inA physics-based model of the electrical impedance of ionic polymer metal composites J. Appl. Phys. 111, 124901 (2012) An analytical study is presented that investigates the electrical impedance response of the ionic polymer transducer. Experimental studies have shown that the electromechanical response of these active materials is highly dependent upon internal parameters such as neutralizing counterion, diluent, electrode treatment, as well as environmental factors such as ambient temperature. Further examination has shown that these variations are introduced predominantly through the polymer's ability to convert voltage into charge migration. This relationship can easily be represented by the polymer's electrical impedance as measured across the outer electrodes of the transducer. In the first half of this study an analytical model is developed which predicts the time and frequency domain characteristics of the electrical response of the ionic polymer transducer. Transport equations serve as the basis for this model, from which a series of relationships are developed to describe internal potential, internal charge density, as well as surface current. In the second half of this study several analytical studies are presented to understand the impact that internal parameters have on the polymer's electrical response, while providing a conceptual validation of the model. In addition to the analytical studies several experimental comparisons are made to further validate the model by examining how well the model predicts changes in temperature, viscosity and pretention within the ionic polymer transducer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers

Farinholt

Leo

2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In the present paper, both theoretical and experimental investigations of ionic polymer transducers with high surface area electrodes are performed. The numerical model can capture the electro-chemical behavior in the polymer membrane and in the electrode region.…”

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confidence: 99%

High surface area electrodes in ionic polymer transducers: Numerical and experimental investigations of the electro-chemical behavior

Akle

Habchi

Wallmersperger

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Articles you may be interested inMeasurement of insulating and dielectric properties of acrylic elastomer membranes at high electric fields J. Appl. Phys. 111, 024904 (2012) The two-dimensional model incorporates highly conductive particles randomly distributed in the electrode area. Traditionally, these kinds of electrodes were simulated with boundary conditions representing flat electrodes with a large dielectric permittivity at the polymer boundary. This model enables the design of electrodes with complicated geometrical patterns. In the experimental section, several transducers are fabricated using the DAP process on Nafion 117 membranes. The architecture of the high surface area electrodes in these samples is varied. The concentration of the high surface area RuO 2 particles is varied from 30 vol% up to 60 vol% at a fixed thickness of 30 lm, while the overall thickness of the electrode is varied from 10 lm up to 40 lm at a fixed concentration of 45%. The flux and charge accumulation in the materials are measured experimentally and compared to the results of the numerical simulations. Trends of the experimental and numerical investigations are in agreement, while the computational capacity is limiting the ability to add sufficient amount of metal particle to the electrode in order to match the magnitudes.

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“…The work of Weiland and Leo [15] proves the hypothesis that a polarization mechanism dominates the actuation response. Weiland and Leo also studied ionic polymer cluster energetics by computational analysis [16,17]. Wallmersperger et al [18] developed a computational model of transport and electromechanical transduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Monte Carlo simulation of ion transport of the high strain ionomer with conducting powder electrodes

Leo

2007

Modeling, Signal Processing, and Control for Smart Structures 2007

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The transport of charge due to electric stimulus is the primary mechanism of actuation for a class of polymeric active materials known as ionomeric polymer transducers (IPT). At low frequency, strain response is strongly related to charge accumulation at the electrodes. Experimental results demonstrated using conducting powder, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), polyaniline (PANI) powders, high surface area RuO 2 , carbon black electrodes etc. as an electrode increases the mechanical deformation of the IPT by increasing the capacitance of the material. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulation of a twodimensional ion hopping model has been built to describe ion transport in the IPT. The shape of the conducting powder is assumed to be a sphere. A step voltage is applied between the electrodes of the IPT, causing the thermally-activated hopping between multiwell energy structures. Energy barrier height includes three parts: the energy height due to the external electric potential, intrinsic energy, and the energy height due to ion interactions. Finite element method software-ANSYS is employed to calculate the static electric potential distribution inside the material with the powder sphere in varied locations. The interaction between ions and the electrodes including powder electrodes is determined by using the method of images. At each simulation step, the energy of each cation is updated to compute ion hopping rate which directly relates to the probability of an ion moving to its neighboring site. Simulation ends when the current drops to constant zero. Periodic boundary conditions are applied when ions hop in the direction perpendicular to the external electric field. When an ion is moved out of the simulation region, its corresponding periodic replica enters from the opposite side. In the direction of the external electric field, parallel programming is achieved in C augmented with functions that perform message-passing between processors using Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. The effects of conducting powder size, locations and amount are discussed by studying the stationary charge density plots and ion distribution plots.

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Ionic polymer cluster energetics: Computational analysis of pendant chain stiffness and charge imbalance

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers

Modeling the electrical impedance response of ionic polymer transducers

High surface area electrodes in ionic polymer transducers: Numerical and experimental investigations of the electro-chemical behavior

Monte Carlo simulation of ion transport of the high strain ionomer with conducting powder electrodes

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