Ionic polymer–metal composite actuators obtained from sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) ion-exchange membranes

Xue, Zhigang; Tang, Yongjun; Duan, Xiaoling; Ye, Yunsheng; Xie, Xiaolin; Zhou, Xingping

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.007

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The tensile modulus and strength of IPMCs stay at suitable level, which is namely not be too low to maintain the dimensional stability and critical for flexibility of the IPMC‐based actuators. [ 38 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Fillers in Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators with Enhanced Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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High-performance artificial muscles have been received extensive attention from engineers and scientists in next-generation alternative bionic microelectronics and artificial intelligence operations. The response of smart materials under various external stimuli, such as electrical or magnetic fields, [1] heat, [2] solvents, [3] and the lights, [4] has been investigated. Most of them are based on materials such as dielectric elastomers, bilayer hydrogels, and liquid-crystal elastomers. Among the several types of soft actuators, flexible ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are regarded as promising candidates. Owing to their decent bending actuation at ultralow driving voltages (usually below 10 V), they have attracted considerable attention from researchers in the past 10 years. [5][6][7][8] The typical structure for IPMCs is composed of an ion-exchange membrane in the middle (e.g., commercial Nafion and Flemion membrane) and metal electrode layers (such as Pt and Ag) on both sides of the membrane. [9] The electrical actuation of IPMCs results from hydraulic and electrostatic effects. When the IPMCs were applied a voltage, the hydrated free counterions in the perfluorinated polymers can migrate to the oppositely charged electrodes. This immigration has caused bending of the actuator. [10] Meanwhile, the water molecules in the cathode area are ready to gather and swell while the anode area simply shrinks. [11] The inherent properties of this material have created a perfect option for different applications, such as soft robots, medical devices, bionic materials, and microelectromechanical systems. [12,13] It is known that the complexity and feasibility of IPMC-based actuators strongly depend on the driving voltage,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Fillers in Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators with Enhanced Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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“…Magnetic as well as electric fielddriven actuation behaviour of short nickel-coated carbon fibres reinforced polydimethylsiloxane films, sulphonated poly(ether ether sulphone)-based high-performance ionic polymer-metal composites and unsymmetric composite laminates have also been reported in the literature. [53][54][55] However, these materials were not soft polymeric gel-based actuators. Polymeric gel-based magnetic actuators can exhibit large deflection behaviour at a very weak magnetic field and therefore have large potential for practical applications.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart elastomeric hydrogel of polyacrylamide containing nanosized barium ferrite and graphene oxide

Mordina

Kumar

Setua

et al. 2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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Smart elastomeric hydrogels based on polyacrylamide containing ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of BaFe12O19 alone or a combination of BaFe12O19 and graphene oxide were synthesized. An improvised sample preparation technique was evolved to design actuators, where the hydrogel samples in rolls form were inserted into cut pieces of hard plastic sleeve in order to fabricate a lab-level actuator. The magneto-responsive actuation behaviour was measured by applying an external magnetic field with the help of a hand-held square type of NdFeB magnet. While the sample containing only 20 wt% BaFe12O19 exhibited only 15 mm deflection at threshold magnetic field of 28 mT, the deflection was significantly enhanced up to 23 mm for the sample containing 1 wt% GO and 20 wt% BaFe12O19 at a threshold magnetic field of 36.7 mT. Up to 20 wt% BaFe12O19, the hydrogels showed a heterogeneous dispersion of large-sized BaFe12O19 clusters and addition of a small percentage, e.g. 1% of GO resulted in significant improvement in the homogeneity of dispersion as well as reduction of the scale of the BaFe12O19 clusters. The saturation magnetization value of the hydrogels was also improved by 50–75% due to the addition of 1 wt% GO with 20 wt% BaFe12O19.

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“…Unfortunately, many IEAPs lack sustainability, both for the production process and the base materials. Most of them are, e.g., realized by using Nafion TM or Flemion TM [ 8 ], which are not considered green polymers [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Greener IEAPs can be obtained either by greener fabrication processes, which use less energy or a green chemistry approach yet using the same base materials [ 13 ] or by changing the starting raw materials, focusing on renewable and environment-friendly materials [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Role of Ionic Liquids in the Output Signal Produced by Bacterial Cellulose-Based Mechanoelectrical Transducers

Pasquale

Graziani

Kurukunda

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Green sensors are required for the realization of a sustainable economy. Biopolymer-derived composites are a meaningful solution to such a needing. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a green biopolymer, with significant mechanical and electrical properties. BC-based composites have been proposed to realize generating mechanoelectrical transductors. The transductors consist of a sheet of BC, impregnated of Ionic Liquids (ILs), and covered with two layers of Conducting Polymer (CP) as the electrodes. Charges accumulate at the electrodes when the transductor is bent. Generating sensors can produce either Open Circuit (OC) voltage or Short Circuit (SC) current. In the paper, the OC voltage and SC current, generated from BC-based composites, in a cantilever configuration and subjected to dynamic deformation are compared. The influence of ILs in the transduction performance, both in the case of OC voltage and SC current is investigated. Experimental investigations of structural, chemical, and mechanoelectrical transduction properties, when the composite is dynamically bent, are performed. The mechanoelectrical investigation has been carried on both in the time and in the frequency domains. Reported results show that no relevant changes can be obtained because of the use of IL when the OC voltage is considered. On the contrary, dramatic changes are observed for the case of SC current, whose value increases by about two orders of magnitude.

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Ionic polymer–metal composite actuators obtained from sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) ion-exchange membranes

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Carboxylic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Fillers in Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators with Enhanced Driving Performance

Carboxylic Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Fillers in Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators with Enhanced Driving Performance

Smart elastomeric hydrogel of polyacrylamide containing nanosized barium ferrite and graphene oxide

Investigation on the Role of Ionic Liquids in the Output Signal Produced by Bacterial Cellulose-Based Mechanoelectrical Transducers

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