Ionic skin: from imitating natural skin to beyond

Abstract

Ionic skin, as an emerging subclass of artificial skin, has been proposed and developed for nearly a decade, which makes up for the partial shortcomings of electronic skin to some...

Recent Advances in Interactive Mechanosensory Electronics with Luminescence/Coloration Outputs for Wearable Applications

“…For example, Bai et al presented an ionic skin by combining a highly stretchable inverse opal polycationic hydrogel (i.e., upper layer) with a soft polyanionic hydrogel (i.e., lower layer) . As shown in Figure a, the resultant skin can sensitively respond to external mechanical stimuli through varying structural color and resistance concurrently, confirming advanced interactive ionotronics …”

“…143 As shown in Figure 18a, the resultant skin can sensitively respond to external mechanical stimuli through varying structural color and resistance concurrently, confirming advanced interactive ionotronics. 144 In terms of mechanical properties and environmental stability, polymeric elastomer-based inverse opal substrates are more appealing in comparison with that of gels. By infiltrating CNTs-polydopamine (PDA) composite into elastic polyurethane (PU) inverse opal, Wang et al designed a conductive structural color film for visually strain sensing (Figure 18b).…”

An Ultra‐High Transparent Electrode via a Unique Micro‐Patterned AgNWs Crossing‐Network with 3.9% Coverage: Toward Highly‐Transparent Flexible QLEDs

“…Transparent flexible electrodes (TFE) have been widely used in building optoelectronic devices, [1] such as light-emitting diodes, [2,3] photovoltaic device, [4,5] and displays. [6,7] Among various conductive nano-materials, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been frequently used for building the TFEs for its good DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202308468 physicochemical properties recently. [15,16] For an AgNWs-based TFE, proper patterning AgNWs is necessary for reaching both the high transparency and the high conductivity are always desirable, which, however, for a long time have suffered from a trade-off relationship between the coverage and the arrangement of AgNWs.…”

Skin-mimetic tough polyurethane ionogel for use in soft ionotronics

“…[5][6][7] On the one hand, in contrast to most elastomer or glassy materials, skin exhibits a nonlinear J-shaped stress-strain curve without yielding; [8][9][10] that is to say, skin feels soft on initial touch, yet will stiffen significantly as the applied strain increases, to prevent macroscopic injury and failure. [11][12][13] On the other hand, in contrast to the prevailing electron transmission mechanism of metallic conductors, [14][15][16] skin transforms an external mechanical stimulus into electric signals using a type of ion transmission channel protein (Piezo 2), 17 which transmits positive ions when being stimulated. Human nerve signal transmission is also based on the ion carrier, with the assistance of a sodiumpotassium exchange pump.…”