1992
DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/25/19/011
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Ionization of atoms in the tunnelling regime with experimental evidence using Hg atoms

Abstract: Some 'Keldysh-like' theories are analysed leading to a more pragmatic definition of the tunnelling regime of ionization of atoms. Rather than using the more extreme definition of tunnelling (i.e. gamma <<1, F< Show more

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Cited by 197 publications
(127 citation statements)
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“…The general formulation of Keldysh [40] and Perelomov et al (PTT) [66] describes the ionization rate W (I) in the multiphoton regime, valid for I ≤ 10 13 W/cm 2 , as well as in the tunnel regime when I ≥ 10 14 W/cm 2 [1]. It also covers the intermediate regime which actually is the regime in which infrared fs filamentation takes place [35]. Fig.…”
Section: Plasma Generation By Optical Field Ionizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The general formulation of Keldysh [40] and Perelomov et al (PTT) [66] describes the ionization rate W (I) in the multiphoton regime, valid for I ≤ 10 13 W/cm 2 , as well as in the tunnel regime when I ≥ 10 14 W/cm 2 [1]. It also covers the intermediate regime which actually is the regime in which infrared fs filamentation takes place [35]. Fig.…”
Section: Plasma Generation By Optical Field Ionizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We estimate the number of neutral atoms in the following way. The intensity-dependent ionization rates have been calculated by applying a tunnelling ionization formula [23]. By solving the propagation equation for the fundamental field through the partially ionized medium, we can estimate the amount of ionization in the medium at the peak of the harmonic pulse.…”
Section: Dispersion Due To Neutral Atomsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[25]; ÂÕÑÏÞ ÍÔÇÐÑÐÂ ì g 0Y01, F 0Y05 Â.Ç. [7]; ÂÕÑÏÞ ÓÕÖÕË ì g 0Y03, F 0Y01 Â.Ç. [44].´ËÒËÚÐÞÇ ÊÂÄËÔËÏÑÔÕË ÄÞØÑAEÂ ËÑÐÑÄ ÑÕ ËÐÕÇÐÔËÄÐÑÔÕË ÎÂÊÇÓÐÑÅÑ ËÊÎÖÚÇÐËâ (ÕÂÍ ÐÂÊÞÄÂÇÏÞÇ ÍÓËÄÞÇ ÄÑÊÃÖÉAEÇÐËâ) ÒÑÍÂÊÂÐÞ ÐÂ ÓËÔ.…”
Section: ±ñðAeçóñïñõñóðñç öôíñóçðëç ×ñõñàîçíõóñðñäunclassified