Ionization of K(<i>nd</i>) Rydberg-state atoms at a surface

Gray, Damien Francis; Zheng, Z.; Smith, K. A.; Dunning, F. B.

doi:10.1103/physreva.38.1601

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At such a large distance, the roughness of the surface is less important, and the atoms scatter from the almost flat repulsive potential energy, giving the lobular type of pattern also found in many other scattering systems where the surface is microscopically flat. This type of explanation is strongly supported by the experiments due to Gray et al [16], where a beam of Rydberg species K*(nd) was directed towards an Au surface at glancing incidence. The atoms scattered with ionization at a distance much larger than expected from an argument about field ionization in the surface field.…”

Section: Forward Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In one case a beam experiment has been performed to study the ionization at glancing incidence on a surface [16], which is the first but hopefully not the last of more exact molecular beam experiments treating the Rydberg-surface interactions. So far, there are no data which can be used to describe the Rydberg-surface interaction potential in more exact terms.…”

Section: Properties Of Rydberg Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scattering of a potassium atom beam from potassium promoted catalyst surfaces via electronically excited clusters

Holmlid

1995

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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Abstract. Surface scattering of potassium atom beams is observed from surfaces of a potassium promoted catalyst, which is known to emit Rydberg K* species and clusters K*. The surfaces studied are cut flat from pellets of an industrial catalyst, the promoted iron oxide catalyst for styrene production. The scattering is studied in the temperature range 500-1000 K in an UHV apparatus with a K atom beam at 45 ° towards the normal, with surface ionization and ion detection over an angular range of -90 ° to + 90 ° with respect to the surface normal. Bilobular scattering patterns are observed, which are mainly back-scattering at low temperatures, below 750 K. A large signal due to ions emitted in the backwards direction is also found with a voltage on the sample. This back-scattering indicates that the scatterers are heavy clusters outside the surface. The ion formation in the backwards direction is proposed to be due to collisions with electronically excited clusters K* of the type recently observed by field ionization detection (Kotarba et al. 1994). The bilobular scattering transforms into asymmetric patterns with a larger forward (specular) lobe at higher temperatures, above 800 K. Only a small fraction of the beam molecules is scattered off the surface. The scattering is well described by inelastic surface scattering theory. This shows that the actual scattering surface is rather flat, which is proposed to be due to an antibondii~g Rydberg type interaction, of long range (hundreds of A), between the impinging excited K atom and the surface. The temperature dependence of the neutral scattering gives a barrier of 0.96 eV, close to what is generally found for Rydberg species emission from such surfaces. At larger K s~r-face densities, the contributions to the peaks from the beam flux is shown to agree with this picture involving collisions with excited clusters outside the surface.

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Section: Forward Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Properties Of Rydberg Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering of a potassium atom beam from potassium promoted catalyst surfaces via electronically excited clusters

Holmlid

1995

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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“…In principle this signal can originate from two different types of particles; alkali atoms with translational energies above 100 eV that impact upon the alkali covered detector surface [4] or from Rydberg atoms that ionize at the detector surface [5]. The physical mechanisms in operation in the source are to a large extent unknown and the objective of this work is to clarify the nature and the formation mechanism of the neutral particles with hyper-thermal velocity present in the beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inequality of Jackson Type for Abstract Functions

Tsar’kov¹

1990

Math. USSR Sb.

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A component of neutral particles with hyper-thermal velocity has recently been observed in the flux from a new type of beam source for production of excited alkali atoms, the so called open diffusion source. The hyper-thermal component is probed with a time-of-flight technique and is found to consist of fast atoms with translational energies of several hundreds of electronvolts. They are formed in charge transfer reactions in the gas phase with cross sections of the order of 4000-8000Å 2 , which shows that highly electronically excited atoms are involved in the reaction. †

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“…In the following, the focus will be on the interplay of an highly excited atomic state with a metallic surface, particularly the process of ionisation, which has been a subject of several investigations over the last three decades in experimental studies [27][28][29][30][31] as well as in theoretical studies [32][33][34][35]. In Sect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the smaller end of the range of separations the influence of the imagecharge interactions gets more drastic, and the electron is able to pass over or tunnel through the potential barrier into the conduction band and thus is ionised [26,28]. At the closest distances to the surface, the shape of the potential landscape gains importance and it has been proposed that Rydberg atoms could be used for controlled deposition in nanolithography [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Rydberg atoms with surfaces

Kohlhoff

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Abstract. The interface of neutral Rydberg atoms in the gas phase with a solid surface is of interest in many fields of modern research. This interface poses a particular challenge for any application in which Rydberg atoms are close to a substrate but also opens up the possibility of studying properties of the surface material itself through the atomic response. In this review the focus is on the process of electron tunneling from the excited state into the substrate that occurs when a Rydberg atom is located in front of a surface at a range of a few hundred nm and is demonstrated with a metallic surface. It is shown how variations in this ionisation mechanism can provide a powerful tool to probe imagecharge effects, measure small superficial electric stray or patch fields and how charge transfer from the Rydberg atom can be in resonance with energetically discrete surface states. Rydberg atoms at surfaces and interfacesWhen atoms are excited into states of high principal quantum number n their properties are exaggerated and long-range interactions lead to a strong coupling with their environment. The electron cloud is greatly expanded compared to the ground state (∝ n 2 ) which results in a large polarisability of a Rydberg state (∝ n 7 ) causing a strong response to electric fields [1]. In terms of a classical dipole, the positive core and negative electron are widely separated giving these excited states a large dipole moment, by which Rydberg atoms exhibit interactions over great distances (∼ μm), where the interactions can be controlled externally. The range of exotic properties makes them an interesting subject in various fields of research, Rydberg atoms are used in cavity quantum electrodynamics [2,3], in controlled chemical reactions by mechanical manipulation [4], serve as a model system for dipole-mediated energy transport in biological systems [5], can be used as a non-linear medium to mediate single-photon interactions [6,7] and have been proposed in several ways for quantum information processing [9][10][11][12]. However, this also means that the strong interaction will not be limited to surrounding atoms but that they also couple to condensed matter, bulk surfaces, in the vicinity. See Fig. 1 for an overview of Rydberg-surface interactions.a

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Ionization of K(nd) Rydberg-state atoms at a surface

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Scattering of a potassium atom beam from potassium promoted catalyst surfaces via electronically excited clusters

Scattering of a potassium atom beam from potassium promoted catalyst surfaces via electronically excited clusters

An Inequality of Jackson Type for Abstract Functions

Interaction of Rydberg atoms with surfaces

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