Ionizing radiation for fabrication of optical waveguides in polymers

Frank, W.; Schoesser, Alexander; Stelmaszyk, Angelika; Schulz, Joachim

doi:10.1117/12.245260

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As a result, very little stress is induced into the polymer and the molded parts are well suited as optical components, such as waveguides and lenses. Optical waveguides made of hot embossed ridge structures of methylmethacrylate polymers require an additional deep UV exposure in order to partly change the refractive index of the polymer at the rib surface [7]. Figure 1 summarizes the principle processing steps for the manufacturing of the embossing tool, the replication of the molded part, and the realization of a photochemically altered surface layer for increasing the refractive index.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1 x 2 and 1 x 3 Multimode Interference Couplers Fabricated by Hot Embossing and DUV-induced Modification of Polymers

Bruendel

Rabus

2006

LEOS 2006 - 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

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Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1 x 2 and 1 x 3 Multimode Interference Couplers Fabricated by Hot Embossing and DUV-induced Modification of Polymers

Bruendel

Rabus

2006

LEOS 2006 - 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

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“…For a smaller number of applied pulses the refractive index tends to increase with the applied irradiation fluence, keeping pulse number and repetition rate constant (Fig. (1) is a simplified approach to a theoretical model given by Frank et al [4] taking into consideration an absorption coefficient increasing with irradiation. This behavior is in qualitative agreement with results from Wochnowski et al [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided Mode Analysis of Optical PMMA-Waveguides Structured by Direct Excimer Laser Irradiation

Fernández¹,

Brückner²,

Tiedeken³

et al. 2004

Journal of Optical Communications

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We r eport the fabrication o f optical w aveguides in PMMA bulk material using direct excimer laser irradiation. Due to the radiation at 248 nm the refractive index is locally enhanced and thus channel waveguides are defined. The guiding properties are experimentally investigated by coupling visible and infrared light to the waveguides and analysing their near field patterns at the channel output. A comparison with numerical field simulations yield a clear singlemode behavior in the 1550 nm range and a calculated insertion loss of less than 0.3 dB to a standard singlemode fiber. The modal analysis indicates a c hannel w aveguide with an e xponentially decaying index profile in vertical direction. Our results suggest that the index difference as well as the channel depth can be varied independently by choosing the appropriate exposure parameters.

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“…The observed thickness reduction in aged samples was reported to be in accordance with the measured weight loss. A group of researchers [103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] examined the influence of radiated light dose (with wavelength in the range 193-308 nm) on the curing, photo-ageing, and photo-polymerisation of PMMA. It was shown that radiant-PMMA interaction reactions also depend upon the irradiation dose.…”

Section: Effect Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of optical materials in solid-state lighting systems

Mehr

Bahrami

Driel

et al. 2019

International Materials Reviews

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In this paper, degradation mechanisms of optical materials, used in the light emitting diode (LED)-based products, are reviewed. The LED lighting is one of the fastest technology shifts in human history. Lighting accounts for almost 20% of the global electrical energy use, inferring that replacement of traditional lighting sources with LEDs with higher efficiencies will have major positive implications for the global energy consumption. Organic optical materials are key components in LEDs in the sense that they control the functionality of the device and they have decisive effects on the durability and reliability of LEDs. This paper aims at describing the influences of chemical structure and service conditions on the degradation mechanisms of organic optical materials in LEDs which lead to the lumen depreciation, discolouration, and colour shift of the LED light output. The contributions of different degradation mechanisms of optical and package materials in LED-based products to the lumen depreciation and colour shift are methodically reviewed.

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Ionizing radiation for fabrication of optical waveguides in polymers

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

1 x 2 and 1 x 3 Multimode Interference Couplers Fabricated by Hot Embossing and DUV-induced Modification of Polymers

1 x 2 and 1 x 3 Multimode Interference Couplers Fabricated by Hot Embossing and DUV-induced Modification of Polymers

Guided Mode Analysis of Optical PMMA-Waveguides Structured by Direct Excimer Laser Irradiation

Degradation of optical materials in solid-state lighting systems

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