Ionizing radiation mediated effect on morphological, biochemical and microsporogenesis behavior of Artemisia annua L.

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the cytological, morphological and biochemical aspects of Artemisia annua L. 60 Fresh seeds of Artemisia annua L. were treated with gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy& 400 Gy) through a Co source. Along with one set of control, the seeds were sown in triplicates to raise population for meiotic study. Mature capitula were collected for pollen study. Mutagen sensitivity was also studied using morphological (germination percentage, survival percentage, plant height and internodal length) and biochemical (chlorophyll content) parameters.Total abnormality percentage (TAB%) showed direct relationship with the increasing doses of gamma rays and different chromosomal aberrations such as scattering, precocious, laggard and bridge formation etc. were also observed. Stickiness was the main chromosomal abnormality observed in treated sets, mostly at 300Gy and 400Gy doses. The results clearly elucidate that the higher doses of gamma rays substantially affected the growth parameters as evident from the data of morphological and biochemical parameter, which were considerably reduced with the increase in dose of gamma rays. At higher doses, some chlorophyll variants were observed like chlorine, xantha and viridis etc.Gamma rays had induced sufficient genetic variability in Artemisia, hence, induced cytological disturbance alters genetic material which can be inherited to the subsequent generation. These genetic variability creates agronomically superior mutants which will be promising materials for plant breeders in near future.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Morphological Biochemical and Cytological Attributes of Salvia hispanica L.

“…The trend observed in plant height indicated that lower doses of irradiation were beneficial and resulted in more favorable responses. Similar findings have been reported by Kumar and Mishra (2020) in Bhringraj and Kumar & Singh (2020) in Artemisia annua. Ali et al (2016) have proposed that lower doses of gamma rays can stimulate plant growth by enhancing the antioxidative capacity of cells or by modulating hormonal signalling.…”

“…They reported that the rate was directly proportional to the irradiation dose. Kumar and Singh (2020) also reported the same pattern in Artemisia annua. Jagtap & More (2014) have analyzed the same output on Lablab purpureus and concluded that sterility in the plants enhances vigorously as the dose of physical or chemical mutagen increases.…”

“…Reduced survival rate at higher mutagenic levels has been attributed to various factors, such as chromosomal damage leading to meiotic arrest (Khursheed 50 Gy 263 0.51±0.12 a 0.25±0.13 a 1.14±0.21 a 0.51±0.26 a 0.25±0.25 a 1.52±0.21 a 0.51±0.26 a 0.50±0.33 a 050±0.25 a 0.38±0.22 a 1.13±0.13 a 6.20±0.28 92.34±0.88 b 100 Gy 253 0.26±0.26 a 1.19±0.25 ab 1.45±0.14 ab 0.66±0.34 a 0.12±0.12 ab 1.58±0.22 b 0.40±0.24 b 0.80±0.24 a 0.26±0.26 b 0.39±0.23 a 0.26±0.13 a 7.26±0.54 85.64±0.89 c 50Gy 248 0.53±0.26 a 052±0.34 ab 1.71±0.13 bc 0.66±0.36 a 0.40±0.23 ab 1.45±0.29 b 0.26±0.13 b 0.54±0.36 a 0.66±0.13 b 0.65±0.45 a 0.39±0.23 a 7.78±0.24 78.57±0.88 d 200 Gy 239 0.67±0.35 a 0.83±0.25 ab 2.08±0.29 bcd 0.42±0.25 a 0.54±0.12 b 1.67±0.28 b 0.55±0.37 b 1.09±0.24 a 0.69±0.14 b 0.42±0.24 a 0.54±0.12 a 9.50±0.22 74.63±1.05 e al., 2008). Kumar and Singh, 2020, also reported that at metabolic levels, higher doses of gamma rays may disrupt chloroplast membrane and metabolism, due to which photosynthesis was affected which ultimately reduces survivability and causes the death of the plants.…”

“…Jing et al (2008) also found that photosynthetic pigments decreased in gammatreated sets compared to the control set. Kumar and Singh (2020) also proposed that gamma irradiation was detrimental to the photosynthetic pigments of Bhringraj and the effect was strengthened with increasing doses of gamma irradiation.…”

Effects of Nitrogen Conservation Measures on the Nitrogen Uptake by Cotton Plants and Nitrogen Residual in Soil Profile in Extremely Arid Areas of Xinjiang, China

“…Therefore, this study explores the differences in the NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N contents of tillage soil and in the growth status and yield of cotton plants under different N conservation measures in the extremely arid Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. Reducing the N dosage in fertilizers without reducing the cotton yield and the N utilization efficiency has important implications for the management of cotton fields and for decreasing non-point source N pollution in arid areas [24][25][26].…”