Ionophore Toxicity and Tolerance

Roder, Joseph D.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.02.012

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Lasalocid, originally identified from fermentation broth of Streptomyces lasaliensis, was introduced in 1977 as a coccidiostat for poultry (trade name: Avatec) and later in 1982 as growth promoter for cattle (trade name: Bovatec). Salinomycin (trade name: Bio-Cox), produced by Streptomyces albus, received its approval as a coccidiostat for chickens in 1983 [210,[222][223][224]. The genome sequencing of the producer and understanding the biosynthetic pathway of monensin have been crucial for optimizing the production of monensin in S. cinnamonensis.…”

Section: Monensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomycete-Derived Polyketides as a Source of Antibiotics and Lead Structures for the Development of New Antimicrobial Drugs

Robertsen

Musiol-Kroll

2019

Antibiotics

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Actinomycetes are remarkable producers of compounds essential for human and veterinary medicine as well as for agriculture. The genomes of those microorganisms possess several sets of genes (biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC)) encoding pathways for the production of the valuable secondary metabolites. A significant proportion of the identified BGCs in actinomycetes encode pathways for the biosynthesis of polyketide compounds, nonribosomal peptides, or hybrid products resulting from the combination of both polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The potency of these molecules, in terms of bioactivity, was recognized in the 1940s, and started the “Golden Age” of antimicrobial drug discovery. Since then, several valuable polyketide drugs, such as erythromycin A, tylosin, monensin A, rifamycin, tetracyclines, amphotericin B, and many others were isolated from actinomycetes. This review covers the most relevant actinomycetes-derived polyketide drugs with antimicrobial activity, including anti-fungal agents. We provide an overview of the source of the compounds, structure of the molecules, the biosynthetic principle, bioactivity and mechanisms of action, and the current stage of development. This review emphasizes the importance of actinomycetes-derived antimicrobial polyketides and should serve as a “lexicon”, not only to scientists from the Natural Products field, but also to clinicians and others interested in this topic.

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Section: Monensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomycete-Derived Polyketides as a Source of Antibiotics and Lead Structures for the Development of New Antimicrobial Drugs

Robertsen

Musiol-Kroll

2019

Antibiotics

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“…These drugs are not suitable for development as systemic antibiotics due to a low margin of safety and potential toxicity in nontarget species. Poisoning or fatalities have been observed in horses, sheep, goats, pigs, cats and wild birds that accidentally ingested poultry or cattle feed containing ionophores …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroantimicrobial activity of narasin against common clinical isolates associated with canine otitis externa

Chan

Hickey

Khazandi

et al. 2018

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…In doing so, it disrupts the Na + -K + pumps and kills bacteria and protozoa. While monensin is considered safe for cattle, swine and poultry, it is extremely toxic to horses [5] and incidents of toxicity have also been reported in several animal species in Egyptian camels [6]; in a group of bulls [7]; in two sheep flocks [8]; in a dairy herd [9] and an ostrich [10]. The blood profiles and histopathology in a camel herd, following suspected monensin toxicosis will be presented in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Pathology, Biochemistry and Histopathology of Selected Organs of Camels Suffering from Suspected Monensin Toxicosis in Australia

Ram¹,

Shahsavari²,

Owen³

et al. 2015

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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The rumen modifier monensin is widely used in Australia cattle production systems. In addition to its anti-coccidial action monensin improves energy efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rumen bacteria, and reduces the incidence of metabolic disorders such as acidosis and bloat. While monensin is considered safe for cattle, swine and poultry, it is extremely toxic to horses and incidents of toxicity have also been reported in camels.In this study, we are reporting for the first time monensin toxicosis in a camel herd in South-West Queensland, Australia (~267 km west of Brisbane). The camels were fed a cattle breeder supplements containing 250 mg/kg monensin, formulated to ensure effective concentrations if the supplement is consumed by breeder cattle at levels of 200-500 g/head/d. Blood samples were collected from 13 camels with clinical signs of monensin toxicosis and 12 healthy camels that had no exposure to monensin. Post-mortem examinations were carried out on two camels immediately after death, these animals had marked ascites. Monensin toxicoses resulted in marked decreases in albumin and increases in ALP, LDH and CPK when compared to physiologically normal healthy camels. Other parameters in the blood profile remain within normal limits.Minor to no histopathological changes were observed in the two necropsied camels however death due to rapidly developing congestive heart failure is suspected. Skeletal muscle was not examined histologically. However, the biochemical changes could be consistent with muscle necrosis.

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Ionophore Toxicity and Tolerance

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Actinomycete-Derived Polyketides as a Source of Antibiotics and Lead Structures for the Development of New Antimicrobial Drugs

Actinomycete-Derived Polyketides as a Source of Antibiotics and Lead Structures for the Development of New Antimicrobial Drugs

In vitroantimicrobial activity of narasin against common clinical isolates associated with canine otitis externa

Gross Pathology, Biochemistry and Histopathology of Selected Organs of Camels Suffering from Suspected Monensin Toxicosis in Australia

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