Ionoregulatory changes in different populations of maturing sockeye salmon<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>during ocean and river migration

Shrimpton, J. Mark; Patterson, David A.; Richards, Jeffrey G.; Cooke, Steven J.; Schulte, Patricia M.; Hinch, Scott G.; Farrell, Anthony P.

doi:10.1242/jeb.01871

Cited by 93 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results of the present study are consistent with previous reports of gill Na + /K + -ATPase isoform switching in salmonid fish in response to salinity change (Richards et al, 2003;Shrimpton et al, 2005;Bystriansky et al, 2006;Bystriansky et al, 2007a;Bystriansky et al, 2007b), and support the idea that the Na + /K + -ATPase 1a and 1b isoforms each have a specific function for fish living in freshwater and marine environments, respectively. However, the precise roles and functions of the various Na + /K + -ATPase isoforms in salmon gills remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Wild Arctic char migrating into freshwater have been reported to have significantly higher gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity immediately following freshwater entry (Bystriansky et al, 2007a). Shrimpton and colleagues showed that gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity decreased in 3 of 4 stocks of sockeye salmon monitored while still in seawater en route to enter freshwater (Shrimpton et al, 2005). However, gill Na + /K + -ATPase activity in these stocks then increased when fish were sampled at the spawning grounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the natural migration of Arctic char (Bystriansky et al, 2007a) and sockeye salmon (Shrimpton et al, 2005) into freshwater, Na + /K + -ATPase 'isoform switching' is observed in the gill, but with 1a levels increasing and 1b levels decreasing. This observation supports the idea that 1a and 1b isoforms have specific roles for salmonids living in freshwater and marine environments, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in gill H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase expression and activity during freshwater acclimation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bystriansky

Schulte

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYFew studies have examined changes in salmon gill ion transporter expression during the transition from seawater to freshwater, a pivotal moment in the salmonid life cycle. Seawater-acclimated Atlantic salmon were transferred to freshwater and blood and gill tissue were sampled over 30days of acclimation. Salmon held in seawater had stable plasma osmolality and sodium and chloride levels throughout the experiment. Following freshwater exposure, plasma sodium and chloride levels and total osmolality decreased significantly before returning towards control levels over time. Gill H

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in gill H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase expression and activity during freshwater acclimation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bystriansky

Schulte

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Indeed, Carruth and colleagues (Carruth et al 2000) concluded that Bthe presence of elevated plasma cortisol in upstream migrating, landlocked Pacific salmon suggests that stressors previously considered to cause cortisol increases, such as long-distance migration and changes in salinity, may not be primary causes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis activation.^Cor-tisol in individual O. nerka has been demonstrated to already be high in seawater prior to their upstream migration, and has been suggested to play a role in ionoregulation in the gill as they adapt to freshwater (Flores et al 2012). Cortisol is a well-known osmoregulator (Bradford et al 2010;Milla et al 2009;Mommsen et al 1999;Shrimpton et al 2005); regulation of osmolarity is crucial for the survival of migrating salmon, there being a close correlation between the loss of osmoregulation and death (Jeffries et al 2012). This study by Jeffries and colleagues further examined temporal biochemical/endocrine changes in O. nerka over the final 6 weeks of maturation and senescence (in 2008) and demonstrated that dyotic signaling (low 17β-estradiol in females, low testosterone in males) was present in all fish that died, irrespective of the timing of death (at first sampling, second sampling, third sampling, and final sampling (~week 6)).…”

Section: Ratio Of Sex Steroid/gonadotropin As a Measure Of Dyotic Sigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the degree of endocrine dyscrasia post-reproduction dictate post-reproductive lifespan? Lessons from semelparous and iteroparous species

et al. 2017

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Post-reproductive lifespan varies greatly among species; human post-reproductive lifespan comprises~30-50% of their total longevity, while semelparous salmon and dasyurid marsupials post-reproductive lifespan comprises <4% of their total longevity. To examine if the magnitude of hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal (HPG) axis dyscrasia at the time of reproductive senescence determines post-reproductive lifespan, we examined the difference between pre-and postreproductive (1) circulating sex hormones and (2) the ratio of sex steroids to gonadotropins (e.g., 17β-estradiol/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), an index of the dysregulation of the HPG axis and the level of dyotic (death) signaling post-reproduction. Animals with a shorter post-reproductive lifespan (<4% total longevity) had a more marked decline in circulating sex steroids and corresponding elevation in gonadotropins compared to animals with a longer post-reproductive lifespan (30-60% total longevity). In semelparous female salmon of short post-reproductive lifespan (1%), these divergent changes in circulating hormone concentration postreproduction equated to a 711-fold decrease in the ratio of 17β-estradiol/FSH between the reproductive and post-reproductive periods. In contrast, the decrease in the ratio of 17β-estradiol/FSH in iteroparous female mammals with long post-reproductive lifespan was significantly less (1.7-34-fold) post-reproduction. Likewise, in male semelparous salmon, the decrease in the ratio of testosterone/FSH (82-fold) was considerably larger than for iteroparous species (1.3-11-fold). These results suggest that (1) organisms with greater reproductive endocrine dyscrasia more rapidly undergo senescence and die, and (2) the contribution postreproduction by non-gonadal (and perhaps gonadal) tissues to circulating sex hormones dictates postreproductive tissue health and longevity. In this way, reproduction and longevity are coupled, with the degree of non-gonadal tissue hormone production dictating the rate of somatic tissue demise post-reproduction and the differences in post-reproductive lifespans between species.

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“…This monumental journey exposes them to numerous physiological challenges, including changes in salinity and temperature, sexual maturation, endurance exercise, and the cessation of feeding resulting in prolonged fasting . Understanding the physiological adjustments required for transfer from seawater to freshwater has received much attention to date (Shrimpton et al 2005;Cooperman et al 2010;Flores et al 2011), whereas the metabolic regulation necessary for endurance exercise and fasting are aspects of fish migration that have received comparatively less exploration. The genomic and metabolic alterations required by salmon to travel such great distances and to complete one of the most remarkable energetic feats in the animal world in a fasted state remain elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Metabolic Preparation of Muscle in Sockeye SalmonOncorhynchus nerkafor Spawning Migration

Morash¹,

Yu²,

Moine³

et al. 2013

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press ABSTRACTProlonged endurance exercise and fasting are two major metabolic challenges facing Pacific salmon during spawning migrations that often occur over 1,000 km. Because both prolonged exercise and fasting stimulate the oxidation of lipids, particularly in heavily recruited tissues such as muscle, we sought to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that establish and maintain the capacity for substrate oxidation at four separate locations during the final 750 km of nonfeeding migration in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Transcript levels of multiple genes encoding for important regulators of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein oxidation as well as the activity of several important enzymes involved in lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were examined in red and white muscle. We found in both muscle types that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I isoforms, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and b, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase b1 were all significantly higher at the onset compared to later stages of nonfeeding migration. However, the activities of b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were higher only early in migration and only in red muscle. Later in the migration and as muscle lipid stores were greatly depleted, the mRNA levels of hexokinase I and aspartate aminotransferase increased in white muscle. Overall, at the onset of migration, high transcript and metabolic enzyme activity levels in skeletal muscle of sockeye salmon may help support the high rates of lipid oxidation needed for endurance swimming. Furthermore, we suggest that the muscle capacity to use carbohydrates and proteins may be adjusted throughout migration on an as-needed basis to fuel burst exercise through very difficult hydraulic passages in the river and perhaps during mating activities.

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Ionoregulatory changes in different populations of maturing sockeye salmonOncorhynchus nerkaduring ocean and river migration

Abstract: ATPase activities observed in spawners suggests that the fish may be attempting to compensate for the osmotic perturbation associated with the decline in plasma chloride concentration and osmolality.

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Changes in gill H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase expression and activity during freshwater acclimation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Changes in gill H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase expression and activity during freshwater acclimation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Does the degree of endocrine dyscrasia post-reproduction dictate post-reproductive lifespan? Lessons from semelparous and iteroparous species

Genomic and Metabolic Preparation of Muscle in Sockeye SalmonOncorhynchus nerkafor Spawning Migration

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