Ionospheric Disturbances in Low‐ and Midlatitudes During the Geomagnetic Storm on 26 August 2018

Chang, Hyeyeon; Kil, H.; Sun, Andrew K.; Zhang, Shun‐Rong; Lee, Jiyun

doi:10.1029/2021ja029879

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…coincident occurrence with EPBs do not corroborate their connection because EPBs are not a unique source of midlatitude depletions. The observations during the 26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm by Chang et al (2022) provided further evidence for the development of midlatitude depletions in association with medium-scale TIDs.…”

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confidence: 63%

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The Origin of Midlatitude Plasma Depletions Detected During the 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storms

et al. 2022

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Large amplitude plasma density irregularities have occasionally been detected at night in the midlatitude F region during geomagnetic storms. They are often interpreted in terms of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) because midlatitude irregularities have the morphology of EPBs. This study assesses whether morphology can be a determining factor in ascribing the origin of such midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. We address this question by analyzing the observations of the First Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT‐1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)‐F14 and ‐F15 satellites during the geomagnetic storms on 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003. On both days, ROCSAT‐1 detects plasma depletions at midlatitudes in broad longitude regions and DMSP satellites detect isolated severe plasma depletions whose widths and depths are much wider and deeper than those of typical EPBs. The distinguishing characteristics during the storms are the detection of midlatitude depletions only in the Southern Hemisphere and the occurrence of some of these depletions before 19 hr local time and at the longitudes where EPBs are absent in the equatorial region. These characteristics are not explained satisfactorily by the characteristics of EPBs. Considering the detection of some of the midlatitude depletions at the equatorward edge of ionospheric perturbations in midlatitudes, midlatitude depletions are likely ionospheric perturbations that originated from higher latitudes. Because midlatitude depletions can originate from different sources, the morphology alone is not a determining factor of their origin.

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confidence: 63%

“…The observations during the 26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm by Chang et al. (2022) provided further evidence for the development of midlatitude depletions in association with medium‐scale TIDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Origin of Midlatitude Plasma Depletions Detected During the 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storms

et al. 2022

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“…During the past Solar Cycles 23 and 24, our understanding of the storm‐time mid‐ and low‐latitude ionosphere disturbances, especially the behavior of multi‐scale electron density gradient structures, has been greatly advanced through extensive studies on several intense geospace storm events. These include but are not limited to the Halloween Storm on 29–30 October 2003 (minimum Dst index of −383 nT) and the super storm on 20–21 November 2003 (minimum Dst index of −422 nT) (e.g., Basu et al., 2007; Foster & Rideout, 2005; Gardner et al., 2018; Kil et al., 2006; Lin et al., 2005; Mannucci et al., 2005; Zhao et al., 2005), the St. Patrick's day storms during 17–18 March in 2013 (minimum Dst index of −132 nT) and 2015 (minimum Dst index of −223 nT) (e.g., Carter et al., 2016; Ferdousi et al., 2019; Huba et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2016; Nava et al., 2016; Zakharenkova et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2017), the storm on 22–23 June 2015 (minimum Dst index of −204 nT) (e.g., Astafyeva et al., 2018; Singh & Sripathi, 2017), the storm on 07–08 September 2017 (minimum Dst index of −142 nT) (e.g., Aa et al., 2018; Aa et al., 2019; Mrak et al., 2020; Nishimura et al., 2021; Qian et al., 2019; Z. Wang et al., 2021; Zakharenkova & Cherniak, 2020; Zhang et al., 2019), and the storm on 25–26 August 2018 (minimum Dst index of −174 nT) (e.g., Astafyeva et al., 2022; Chang et al., 2022; Cherniak & Zakharenkova, 2022; Spogli et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include but are not limited to the Halloween Storm on 29-30 October 2003 (minimum Dst index of −383 nT) and the super storm on 20-21 November 2003 (minimum Dst index of −422 nT) (e.g., Basu et al, 2007;Gardner et al, 2018;Kil et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2005;Mannucci et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005) Carter et al, 2016;Ferdousi et al, 2019;Huba et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2016;Nava et al, 2016;Zakharenkova et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2017), the storm on 22-23 June 2015 (minimum Dst index of −204 nT) (e.g., Singh & Sripathi, 2017), the storm on 07-08 September 2017 (minimum Dst index of −142 nT) (e.g., Aa et al, 2018;Aa et al, 2019;Mrak et al, 2020;Nishimura et al, 2021;Qian et al, 2019;Z. Wang et al, 2021;Zakharenkova & Cherniak, 2020;Zhang et al, 2019), and the storm on 25-26 August 2018 (minimum Dst index of −174 nT) (e.g., Astafyeva et al, 2022;Chang et al, 2022;Cherniak & Zakharenkova, 2022;Spogli et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

Significant Mid‐ and Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Disturbances Characterized by Dynamic EIA, EPBs, and SED Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Geomagnetic Storm

Zhang

Erickson

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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This work investigates mid‐ and low‐latitude ionospheric disturbances over the American sector during a moderate but geo‐effective geomagnetic storm on 13–14 March 2022 (π‐Day storm), using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, ionosonde observations, and space‐borne measurements from the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD), Swarm, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), and the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellites. Our results show that this modest but geo‐effective storm created a number of large ionospheric disturbances, especially the dynamic multi‐scale electron density gradient features in the storm main phase as follows: (a) The low‐latitude equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) exhibited a dramatic storm‐time deformation and reformation, where the EIA crests evolved into a bright equatorial band for 1–2 hr and then quickly separated back into the typical double‐crest structure with a broad crest width and deep equatorial trough. (b) Strong equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occurred with an abnormally high latitude/altitude extension, reaching the geomagnetic latitude of ∼30°, corresponding to an Apex height of 2,600 km above the dip equator. (c) The midlatitude ionosphere experienced a conspicuous storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume structure associated with the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS). This SED/SAPS feature showed an unusual temporal variation that intensified and diminished twice. These distinct mid‐ and low‐latitude ionospheric disturbances could be attributed to the storm‐time electrodynamic effect of electric field perturbation, along with contributions from neutral dynamics and thermospheric composition change.

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“…The response of EPB development to geomagnetic storms has been widely investigated using different techniques including the use of ionosondes (Abdu et al., 2003; Santos et al., 2012; Sripathi et al., 2018), TEC derived from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) (Cherniak et al., 2019; de Paula et al., 2019; F. Huang et al., 2021; Picanço et al., 2022), low‐earth orbiting (LEO) satellites (Chang et al., 2022; Wan et al., 2022; Zakharenkova et al., 2019), ground‐ and space‐based imagers (Ghodpage et al., 2018; Karan et al., 2023; Wu et al., 2020) and numerical models (Bhattacharyya et al., 2019; Blanc & Richmond, 1980; Carter et al., 2014, 2016). Four important deductions from these studies are (a) The influence of disturbance electric fields on ESF/EPB development is a function of local time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification and Weakening of Equatorial Plasma Bubble Development Observed by GOLD During Different Phases of a Geomagnetic Storm

Amadi,

Qian,

de Paula

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) development during different phases of the geomagnetic storm of 3‐4 November 2021 (SYMHmin = −118nT) was examined using observations and simulations. The initial phase of the storm coincided with postsunset (about 30 minutes after sunset) at Fortaleza (FZ) and São Luís (SL) with longitudes of ∼38.45oW and ∼44oW respectively on November 3 while the recovery phase of the storm started at 12:45 UT on November 4. GOLD shows the longest (shortest) extension of EPBs on November 3 (4) compared to days before and after November 3 and 4, including quiet days. This indicates an intensification (weakening) of EPBs on November 3 (4). From ionosondes at FZ and SL, a strong (weak) range spread F (SSF (RSF)) was observed on November 3 (4). The postsunset peak F layer height on November 3 reached 450km and exceeded the preceding and succeeding days by ∼50 − 100km at SL indicating the presence of a Prompt Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) which enhanced EPB development via the favorable postsunset vertical E x B and Rayleigh‐Taylor instability (RTI) mechanisms on November 3. The lower‐than‐quiet time F layer height observed on November 4 during Pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) indicates the presence of a westward‐oriented Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field (DDEF) that undermined RTI growth and led to the weakening of EPB development. Simulation results confirm that the storm‐time electric fields modified the evening‐time ionosphere and influenced the magnitude of vertical E x B drift required for the development of EPBs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Ionospheric Disturbances in Low‐ and Midlatitudes During the Geomagnetic Storm on 26 August 2018

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

The Origin of Midlatitude Plasma Depletions Detected During the 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storms

The Origin of Midlatitude Plasma Depletions Detected During the 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storms

Significant Mid‐ and Low‐Latitude Ionospheric Disturbances Characterized by Dynamic EIA, EPBs, and SED Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Geomagnetic Storm

Intensification and Weakening of Equatorial Plasma Bubble Development Observed by GOLD During Different Phases of a Geomagnetic Storm

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