Ionospheric GNSS Imagery of Seismic Source: Possibilities, Difficulties, and Challenges

Astafyeva, Elvira; Shults, K.

doi:10.1029/2018ja026107

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The location of these two TEC enhancements corresponded to the location of two segments of coseismic crustal slip as it was shown by seismologists (e.g., Simons, ; Bletery et al, ; Figure a). More recently, Thomas et al () and Astafyeva and Shults () demonstrated that the GNSS seismo‐ionospheric imagery can work for moderate earthquakes as well. Astafyeva and Shults () also noted that lower resolution data sampling, such as 15 or 30 s, which so far is a standard resolution for GNSS data, will, most likely, not work efficiently.…”

Section: Ionospheric Response To Earthquakes and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Thomas et al () and Astafyeva and Shults () demonstrated that the GNSS seismo‐ionospheric imagery can work for moderate earthquakes as well. Astafyeva and Shults () also noted that lower resolution data sampling, such as 15 or 30 s, which so far is a standard resolution for GNSS data, will, most likely, not work efficiently.…”

Section: Ionospheric Response To Earthquakes and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Thomas et al (2018) and Astafyeva and Shults (2019) demonstrated that the GNSS seismo-ionospheric imagery can work for moderate earthquakes as well. Astafyeva and Shults (2019) also noted that lower resolution data sampling, such as 15 or 30 s, which so far is a standard resolution for GNSS data, will, most likely, not work efficiently. Kamogawa et al (2016) suggested a method based on observations of "tsunami-ionospheric hole" as potentially useful for near real-time tsunami warnings.…”

Section: Reviews Of Geophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ionospheric Detection of Natural Hazards

Astafyeva

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

Self Cite

218

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural hazards (NH), such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and severe tropospheric weather events, generate acoustic and gravity waves that propagate upward and cause perturbations in the atmosphere and ionosphere. The first NH-related ionospheric disturbances were detected after the great 1964 Alaskan earthquake by ionosondes and Doppler sounders. Since then, many other observations confirmed the responsiveness of the ionosphere to NH. Within the last two decades, outstanding progress has been made in this area owing to the development of networks of ground-based dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. The use of GNSS-sounding has substantially enlarged our knowledge about the solid earth/ocean/atmosphere/ionosphere coupling and NH-related ionospheric disturbances and their main features. Moreover, recent results have demonstrated that it is possible to localize NH from their ionospheric signatures and also, if/when applicable, to obtain the information about the NH source (i.e., the source location and extension and the source onset time). Although all these results were obtained in retrospective studies, they have opened an exciting possibility for future ionosphere-based detection and monitoring of NH in near-real time. This article reviews the recent developments in the area of ionospheric detection of earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, and it discusses the future perspectives for this novel discipline. Plain Language SummaryThe ionosphere is the ionized region of the Earth's atmosphere that is located between~60 and~800 km of altitude. The ionosphere is largely impacted by the solar and magnetic activities, as well as by the neutral atmosphere. Besides these large-scale and global processes influencing from above, the ionosphere can be more "locally" perturbed from below by geophysical phenomena (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and severe tropospheric weather events) and by man-made events (e.g., explosions, rocket and missile launches, and mine blasts). From below, the disturbances arrive in the ionosphere as acoustic and gravity waves. Upon their upward propagation, these waves grow in amplitude up to a million times owing to the exponential decrease of the atmospheric density with height. Consequently, the acoustic and gravity waves generated at the Earth's surface may provoke significant perturbations in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. In the ionosphere, the perturbations can be detected by ionospheric sounding tools, such as GNSS receivers, ionosondes, and airglow cameras.

show abstract

Section: Ionospheric Response To Earthquakes and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionospheric Response To Earthquakes and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviews Of Geophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ionospheric Detection of Natural Hazards

Astafyeva

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

Self Cite

218

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to determining the locations of seismic sources, GNSS‐based observations of the TEC perturbations above the epicentral zone can contain information on the source dimensions, slip mode, and rupture propagation (Astafyeva et al, , Astafyeva, Rolland, et al, ; Heki et al, ; Rolland et al, ). In particular, high‐rate (1 Hz) GNSS TEC data can provide ionospheric images of the seismic source, in which the position and dimension of initial TEC enhancement correspond to the crustal uplift region (Astafyeva & Shults, ). Given the availability of high‐rate GNSS TEC observations covering the near epicentral zone, regions of uplift can be retrieved from TEC data within 10 min after the main shock, which may be faster and even more accurate than the result obtained from preliminary seismic slip models.…”

Section: Most Recent Advances and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observations of the ionospheric disturbances near field of an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 found two N‐shape waves in the TEC disturbance time series (Li et al, ). In addition, another study by Astafyeva and Shults () raised the question of whether a moderate earthquake can generate shock acoustic waves like the most intense earthquakes do. Moderate and small surface disturbance events may well generate weak upper atmospheric signatures that could be comparable to the noise level of some of the existing observational techniques.…”

Section: Most Recent Advances and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review observations on the coupling between Earth's surface disturbances and the upper atmosphere. In particular, we focus on the upper atmospheric responses to atmospheric acousticgravity waves generated during impulsive surface disturbance events including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. We review the theoretical background for the generation and propagation of atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves from surface disturbance events as well as of the ionospheric plasma response to such acoustic-gravity waves. We review a variety of observational techniques that have been successfully utilized to detect upper atmospheric perturbations induced by surface disturbances and summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the coupling processes learnt from these observations. Finally, we touch on some most recent advances in the field and propose directions for future research.Plain Language Summary Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and chemical and nuclear explosions on or under the ground create sudden and violent motions of the ground or ocean surface. While ground shakings during some massive earthquakes can be felt by people who live thousands of kilometers away from the epicenters, the shakings can also be detected from the atmosphere hundreds of kilometers above the ground (upper atmosphere). Similarly, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions can have footprints in the upper atmosphere as well. These footprints have been successfully detected by a variety of observational techniques. This paper reviews the observational results and the current understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the coupling between the ground/ocean and the upper atmosphere. In addition, future research directions are proposed in order to address the open questions.

show abstract